Group 2

Ceramah 2
Back to basic (Intra-oral examination)
-The intra-oral assesment examines the oral
health,
individual tooth positions and inter-occlusal
relationships
There are various systems available to assess this aspect
but
following sequence is both practical and thorough :

1. Dental health

2. Lower Arch

3. Upper Arch

4. Teeth in occlusion

5. Radiographs
1. Dental Health

- In presence of dental disease, the individual

should not have active orthodontics treatment -
even with severe malocclusion - ( dental
caries,periodontal problems)

- Risks for plaque accumulation

- Decalcification around ortho appliances - poor

OH & cariogenic diet

- Tooth movement in presence of active

gingivitis /
periondontal disease will accelarate any bone
loss / root resorption
2. Lower Arch

-First instance. Whatever treatment is carried

out in lower arch determines the treament of upper arch

-Examine - any missing teeth, crowding, rotations,tipping

Missing teeth (Teeth not visible clinically)

-Congenital absence / Traumatic loss ?

-Ectopic teeth ?

- Impacted teeth ?

Crowding

-only applies to crowding between permanent teeth

-measure between contact points of two most crowded teeth

3. Upper Arch

- Similar way to the lower arch

-Examine - any missing teeth, crowding, rotations,tipping

4. Teeth in occlusion

1. Overjet and overbite should be measured - to assess

the Incisor Classification
Measuring overjet

- Measure te labial aspect of most prominent incisor

Measuring reverse overjet
Overbite

- Deep overbite - causing gingival traumatic injury

- Open bite
Class 1 : The lower incisor edges occlude with or
lie immediately below cingulum plateau (middle part of)
upper central incisors
Class II : The lower incisor edges lie posterior to the
cingulum plateau upper central incisors

Div 1 : There is an increase in overjet and upper central

incisors are usually proclined

Div 2: The upper central incisors are retroclined. Overjet is

usually minimal but may be increased
Class III: The lower incisor edges lie anterior to the cingulum
plateau of upper central incisors.
Overjet is reduced or reversed
The centre line should be measured by placement a ruler down
the patient’s facial mid line and measuring how far away from
this the centre lines deviate
The molar relationship is assessed next.

Class I molar relationship

Class II molar relationship
Class III molar relationship
Finally, assess the presence of any anterior or posterior
crossbites.
Check on displacement on closure = need for treatment
5. Radiographs

-OPG
5. Radiographs

- Lateral cephalogram
Thank you
Reference :

Orthodontics. Part 3: Patient assessment and

examination II
December 2003. British dental journal official journal
of the British Dental Association

SourcePubMed

Link ;
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8997276_Ort
hodontics_Part_3_Patient_assessment_and_examinatio
n_II