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Molecular Recognition Nanomaterials Classification
Molecular Recognition Nanomaterials Classification
Molecular Recognition Nanomaterials Classification
CHEMISTRY AND
NANOMATERIALS
SUPRAMOLECULAR
CHEMISTRY
Supramolecular chemistry is 'chemistry beyond the molecule
'Important concepts that have been demonstrated by supramolecular
chemistry include molecular self-assembly, folding, molecular
recognition, host-guest chemistry, mechanically-interlocked molecular
architectures, and dynamic covalent chemistry.
The importance of supramolecular chemistry was established by the
1987 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, which was awarded to Donald J. Cram,
Jean-Marie Lehn, and Charles J. Pedersen in recognition of their work
in the field.
The complementary nature of supramolecular chemistry and
nanotechnology is considered.
. While traditional chemistry focuses on the covalent bond,
supramolecular chemistry examines the weaker and reversible
noncovalent interactions between molecules. These forces include
hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der
Waals forces, pi-pi interactions and electrostatic effects.
. Important concepts that have been demonstrated by supramolecular
chemistry include molecular self-assembly, folding, molecular recognition,
host-guest chemistry, mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures,
and dynamic covalent chemistry.
• Complementarity
• Complexes with a large number of bonds between the complementary host and guest
have a high structural organisation.
e.g. DNA molecule
EXAMPLES-
Scope - Supramolecular chemistry studies the phenomena such as molecular self-
assembly, protein folding, molecular recognition, host-guest chemistry, mechanically-
interlocked molecular architectures, and dynamic covalent chemistry. It is highly
interdisciplinary in nature and attracts not just chemists but biologists, environmental
scientists, physicists, biochemists, theoreticians, crystallographers .
2. In medicines
3. In supramolecular catalysis
6. Materials Technology
Nanotechnology
The collaboration of the physics , chemistry, biology, computer and material sciences
integrated with engineering entering the nanoscale.
This means science and engineering focused on making the particles ,things and devices at the
atomic and molecular scale.
It deals with creation of functional materials , devices , systems through control of matter on
Nanoscale.
Nanomaterial is an object that has atleast one dimension in the nanometer scale approximately
1-100nm.
SCOPE - Due to the increasing technological advances, the study of materials in the nanometre
scale is becoming more important. The spatial arrangements of these self-assembled nanoparticles
can be potentially used to build increasingly complex structures leading to a wide variety of
materials that can be used for different purposes.
PROPERTIES OF NANOPARTICLES –
MAGNETIC PROPERTY –
a. Due to magnetic property they are used in imaging, bioprocessing , refrigeration as well as
high density magnetic memory media .
b. At nano size gold and platinum act as magnetic particle. Eg. Au nanoparticle becomes
ferromagnetic when kept with appropriate molecules of thiol.
OPTICAL PROPERTY –
a. The optical emission occurs when the transition of the electrons occur between HOMO and
LUMO ( essentially the conduction band ).
b. Semiconductor and many metals show large changes in optical properties such as color , as a
function of particle size.
c. Colloidal suspenses of gold and silver change their color depending on their size.
ELECTRIC PROPERTY –
a. Nanowires and nanotubes are the most confining electrical conductors – puts the sqeeze
on electrons .
b. Can be defect free – electrons move “ballistically”.
Quantum Dots
- Quantum dots are very special because they are so small that 4,000,000 dotstake up 2cm.
- At these small sizes quantum dots enable never before seen appications to scienceand
technology.
USES –
• used for LED
• memory storage
• solar cells
Nanoshell
- A type of spherical nanoparticle consisting of a dielectric core which is covered by a thin
metallic shell (usually gold).
- Nanoshells possess highly favorable optical and chemical properties for biomedical imaging
and therapeutic applications.
- Nanoshell properties is chemically inert, non-magnetic and water-soluble and can be used as
efficient catalysts and also in biological applications.
Metal Rubber
- A self-assembled nanocomposite material that combines the high electrical
conductivity of metals with the low mechanical modulus of elastomers.
- This metal rubber also flexible, indestructible material that can be heated, frozen,
washed or doused with jet fuel, and still retain its electricity-conducting propertie.