FAMILY

PLANNING
WHAT IS FAMILY PLANNING ?
 Family planning could be defined as a means by which individual
or couples space the process of conception , and childbirth at
intervals mutually determine by both husband and wife in other to
have the defined number of children that they can conveniently
maintain.
 WHO defines family planning as an act that allows individuals and
couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children
and the spacing and timing of their birth.
CLASSIFICATION OF FAMILY PLANNING

 TRADITIONAL FAMILY PLANNING

 MODERN FAMILY PLANNING
TRADITIONAL FAMILY PLANNING:
Evidence from medical history indicates that our forefathers did space their children through traditional means and

traditional method of family planning that had been handed down from generation to generation.

Tradition contraceptive methods are classified as :

1. Appliance: use of herbs and other substances specially prepared by the herbalist for the individual on request.

Examples are

 Oral method

 Scarification

 Charms

2. Non appliance method : they are methods which involves traditional and customary restrictions on women of child

bearing age. Examples are:

 Blood relation

 Polygamy

 Abstinence

 Prolong lactation

 Cultural enforcement of virginity

MODERN FAMILY PLANNING:
The modern family planning may be natural or artificial
 Natural family planning: are based on the ability of

the client to recognize certain physiological changes

associated with ovulation thus, planning her intercourse
to achieve pregnancy or prevent it.
TYPES OF NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING
1.Coitus interuptus
2.Lactational Amenorrhoea
3.Basal body temperature
4.Billing method ( cervical mucus method)
ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING
METHODS

 Not expensive
 Has no effect on breastfeeding
 Encourages male involvement
 Increases self awareness and knowledge of

human reproduction
 Promotes cooperation and communication

between couples
DISADVANTAGES OF NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING
METHODS

 Irregular menstrual period may pose as a

problem
 There may be a high failure rate
 Users may be unable to keep daily record of

signs of fertility
 It may take time for the patient to understand

the billing and basal body temperature

LACTATIONAL AMENORRHOEA
METHOD:
hormone prolactin is produced by the anterior pituitary gland in response to

withdrawal of estrogen from maternal circulation causes a delay in the

commencement of menstruation in some women .

Factors that promote the success of lactational amenorrhoea method of

contraception:
 Breastfeeding must be the only source of baby’s feeding
 Breast feeding should be on demand
 Allow baby feed up to 10 minutes on each breast each time the baby sucks
 Practice exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and thereafter introduce

supplementary feeding
Advantages

 It aids involution of the uterus

 Reduces the risk of breast cancer
 Can be used immediately after birth
 Promotes bonding between mother and baby
 Not expensive
 No hormonal side effects
 Immunity derived from breastfeeding reduces

the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality

etc…
Disadvantages

 Exclusive breastfeeding may not be

convenient for some women
 Sore nipples and mastitis might be

problematic.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVE
METHOD :
they are called artificial methods because the
methods involves the introduction of
substances into the body . artificial method may
be :
 Hormonal
 And non hormonal
NON HORMONAL METHOD

 Barrier method
 Male and female sterilization
BARRIER METHOD

Male and female condoms, diaphragm, spermicidal cream,

tablets , film etc…..
ADVANTAGES OF BARRIER METHOD
 Readily available
 Cheap
 Can be used by post-partum women as it has no effect on
breast milk
 Protect against sexually transmitted infection
 It is easy to use
DISADVANTAGES OF BARRIER METHOD

 May not be acceptable to those who do not

like touching their genitals
 May fail if leaking or not properly applied
 A new condom must be used for each sexual

act
 Application of condom often interrupts

sexual fore play

MALE AND FEMALE STERILIZATION

Surgical contraceptive method of family

planning is a permanent method. Male
vasectomy is a surgical procedure whereby the
vas deferens is cut and both end tied up. It has
no effect on the sexual desire and
performance.
HORMONAL METHOD

These are in form :

 Oral contraceptive
 Injective contraceptives
 Implant
 Intrauterine contraceptive device
ADVANTAGES OF FAMILY PLANNING IN GENERAL

 Decrease in maternal mortality

 Offers couples the opportunity to have smaller family which results
in better ability to provide adequate nutrition for self and family
 Adequate child spacing prevents the depletion of maternal
nutritional store which can decrease the incidence of preterm birth
 Decrease in complication of pregnancy and delivery e.g.,
preeclampsia, hemorrhage
 Decrease in adolescence pregnancy
 Decrease in high parity
CONT…..
 Decrease in pregnancy related to emotional
and physical stress
 Decrease in unwanted pregnancy
 Increased quality of life for the people of the

community
 Provides opportunity for adequate nutrition

for the family

 Family planning is safe and not expensive
 Promotes woman empowerment