SAGE UNIVERSITY INDORE

SUBJECT- SERVICES-I

PIPING MATERIAL
SUBMITTED BY
SUBMITTED TO
VARSHITA SINGH
AR. SHRUTI PATIDAR
IV SEM
 WHAT IS PIPE?
• A straight pressure tight cylindrical hollow ,used in piping system.
• Differeent types of pipes used in different design
conditions,considering technician and commercial parameters.
 INTROCUCTION
Piping materials are of many types the specific material to suit a design requirement is
chosen on the basis of certain key factor.
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTING OF PIPING MATERIALS-
Mechanical properties-tensile yield ,creep, rupture ,fatigue & impact.
Performance requirements & material reliability.
Safety
Environmental conditions
Availability
Resistance to erosion and corrosion
Economic factors
VITAL CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED
• TOUGHNESS
• CREEP STRENGTH
• DUCTILITY
• GOOD SURFACE FINISH
• HARDNESS
 CLASSIFICATION OF PIPING
MATERIALS

PIPING MATERIALS

METALLIC NON- METALLIC LINED/CLAD

FERROUS NON- FERROUS MS RUBBER LINED

PVC
COPPER & ITS ALLOYS MS PTFE MS PVDF
CAST-IRON HDPE
CARBON STEEL ALUMINIUM & ITS ALLOYS PTFE MS LEAD LINED

ALLOY STEEL NICKEL & ITS ALLOYS LDPE MS CERAMIC LINED

OTHER SPECIAL ALLOYS CERAMIC MS GLASS LINED

LEAD & ITS ALLOYS
FRP PP LINED
STAINLESS STEEL CEMENT
 COMMONLY USED PIPING
MATERIALS

• Low carbon steel ,low alloy steel and stain less steel (used for high
temperature services)
• Wrought iron ,cast iron ,ductile iron ,copper,brass,aluminium and its
alloys and nickel steel.
• Other plastic materials.
(pvc, polythene ,polypropylene ,asbestos cement ,gr
pipes ,concrete,glass,rubber and some newer plastics.
 TEMPERATURE LIMITATION OF PIPING MATERIALS
s.no MATERIAL MAX WORKING TEMP *C REMARKS

1 CARBON STEEL YIELD STRESS DECREASES BEYOND THIS TEMPERATURE

 A 106 GrB 427
 Api 5L GrB 230

2 ALLOY STEEL
 A335 GrP11 570 -do-
 A335 GrP22 600
 A335 Gr P91 650

3 STAINLESS STEEL From -2208*C to 538*C

A 312 GrTP304
A312 GrTP316 -200 to 500
-200 to 538

4 ALUMINIUM 175 Loses strength beyond this temp

5 TITANIUM 400 -do-

6 THERMOPLASTIC 260 Melts beyond this temperature

7 THERMOSETTING PLASTIC 260 Some epoxies can be used upto 290*C

8 CONCRETE 290 Cannot be used for temperature intensive services

9 RUBBER ROOM TEMPERATURE -do-

 FERROUS MATERIALS
CARBON STEELS-
 Is an alloy of iron and carbon.
 Contains 0.1% to 1.5% of carbon.
 Based on carbon content it can be classified into-
1. Mild steel -0.05-0.30%
2. Medium carbon steel – 0.30-0.70%
3. High carbon steel – 0.70-1.5%
4. It can withstand upto to a temperature of 450 C.
 General chemical composition of cs is
 C -0.07,1.56%
 Mn -1.6%
 Si- 0.6%
 S- 0.1%
 P- 0.1%
CARBON STEEL PIPE
• Low cost and durable material .
• Various heavy industries make use of carbon steel pipe.
• Poor wear resistance .
• Suitable for heat treated parts where high tensile and impact are required.
MAJOR FIELDS OF APPLICATION-
• Connecting rods ,gear shafts
• Chain parts
• Clutches
• Propeller shafts
• Spindles
• Screws
• Studs
• Pinions
• Tappets
• Boring bars
 ALLOY STEELS
Adding of alloying elements to
improve the characteristics of the
material is termed as ALLOY STEEL.
Commenly used alloying elements are
selicon, chromium,
nickel ,molybdenum,
manganese ,vanadium,titanium,boron,
aluminuium,
cobalt and tungsten.
PURPOSE OF ALLOYING
1. IMPROVED CORROSION RESISTANCE
2. BETTER HARDENABILITY
3. IMPROVED MACHINABILITY
 High or low temperature stability
 Ductility
 Toughness
4. Better wear resistance
 STAINLESS STEEL
• Stainless steel is an iron based alloy made of
some of the basic elements such as
iron ,chromium,silicon ,nickel,carbon,copper
etc.
• It has excellent resistance to corrosion due
to its chromium content which normally
range from 10.5 to 20 percent of the alloy.
• There are five families of stainless steel these
are-
 FERRITIC
 MARTENSITIC
 PRECIPITATION HARDENING
 AUSTENITIC
 DUPLEX

Classified into three types based on

its micro structure
1. Austenitic stainless steel
2. Ferritic stainless steel
3. Martensitic stainless steel
 APPLICATION OF STAINLESS STEEL
STAINLESS STEEL ARE USED IN AN ALMOST ENDLESS NUMBER OF
APPLICATION AND INDUSTRIES`.

Bulk material handling equipment . Petroleum refining

Building exteriors and roofing. Water supply piping
Automobile components Consumer product
{exhaust,trim/decorative ,engine ,fa
steners, tubing} Marine and shipbuilding
Chemical processing Pollution control
plants(scrubbers and heat Sporting goods
exchange) transportation
Pulp and paper manufacturing.
NON- FERROUS MATERIALS

COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS

• Used when heat and electric conductivity are important .
• Theraml conductivity is high.
• Alloys are brasses,bronzes (Cu-Sn) and cupronickels (Cu-Ni)
• Upto 20% Zn in brass gives good corrosion resistance .
• Bronzes display good strength with corrsion resistance.
• Cupronickels are used for heat exchange tubing.
ALUMINIUM AND ITS ALLOYS
• Good thermal conductivity.
• Most workable metal.
• Highly resistant to atmospheric conditions,industrial fumes,fresh
brackish or salt water.
• Not resistant to corrosion.
• Loses strength rapidly at 175 ° C
 TITANIUM
• Strong and medium weight .
• Titanium oxide is formed which prevents corrosion
• Resistant to niteic acid of all concentrations except fuming nitric acid.
• Welding requires inert atmosphere
• Loses strength above 400*C
• Provides good resistance to hydrochloric acid when alloyed with 30%
molybdenum.
• Not affected by impingement and crevice corrosion.
NON METALLIC PIPES
I. Plastics- thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.
II. Concrete III. Ceramic
IV. Asbestos –cement v. Glass
VI. Rubber

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE(PVC)
 Tough and exceptionally resistant to chemical attack .
 Rigid unplasticized polyvinyl chloride is thermoplastic material.
 Pipes are manufactured by extrusion.
 Fittings ,flanges and valves are manufactured by injection moulding.
• TYPES OF PVC
• TYPE-I normal –impact grade
• TYPE –II High –impact grade
• TYPE- III Newer grade
ADVANTAGES OF PVC PIPES
• No physical or little deterioration when
exposed to direct sunlight ,unlike other
plastics.
• Does not support combustion.
• No scales are formed over smooth inside
surface.
Application of pvc
 Salt –water disposal in oil fields.
 Gas transmission service.
 Cold water line in industry as it is non –toxic
and doesn’t add any odour or taste to water.
 POLYETHYLENE (PE)
 Produced from hydrocarbons and ethylene under
high temperature pressure .
 Types-
I. Low
II. Medium
III. High density
 HDPE is not very flixibleas LDPE.
 2% Carbon black is added to increase weather
resistance.
 APPLICATION OF PE
 HDPE is used in jet wells and farm sprinklers.
 Salt water disposal lines.
 Chemical waste lines.
 Gas gathering system.
 Conduit for power and telephone cables.
 Service of inorganic acid, bases and salts
 Sewage piping.
 Crude oil and gas piping.
 THERMOSETTING PLASTICS

 Generally produced by centrifugal casting ,hand

lay –up moulding and filament winding .
 Major resins are epoxy and polyseter resins and
generally reinforced with glass or blue asbestos
fibre.
 EPOXY
 Used in transportation of acids ,neutral or basic
salt solutions, waste process water and
sewage.
 Used in paper industries for pulp stock wastes
and dyes.
 It resists fouling ,salt atmosphere and marine
organism.
 Used in food and beverage industry.
 CONCRETE PIPPING
 TYPES- MATERIALS
I. REINFORCED
II. NON- REINFORCED
 Some non- reinforced concrete material
specifications are ASTM C14,AASHO M86, ASTM
C412 etc.
 Non- reinforced pipe sizes vary from 12 inch to
24’’.
 Some rainforced concrete pipe material
specifications are ASTM C76,AASHO M170,SS-P-
375 ,etc.
 Used for sewage and industrial waste ,strom
waste ,culverts, water supply .
 ASBESTOS- CEMENT PIPES
 Not used very commonly.
 Some industriyal specification are ASTM C296,AWWA C400,SS-P-331
etc.
 Used for drains and industriyal waste.
 REFERENCE
 https://www.slideshare.net/SONUKUMARVERMA/piping-materials-lhk
 https://www.powershow.com/viewfl/531187-Yjk0N
 https://www.slideshare.net/MdGaffarBeag1/piping-ppt1
 https://www.slideshare.net/KaustuvRuhela/types-of-pipes-61489072
 https://whatispiping.com/piping-material-selection

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