INTRODUCTION

TO DESIGN OF
STEEL
STRUCTURES
Engr. Joel John O. Bumanglag, CE,MP,S02
 WHAT ARE STEEL
STRUCTURES
Steel structures refer to constructions that
are primarily made of steel, a versatile and
durable construction material. Steel has
become a popular choice in the
construction industry due to its strength,
durability, and flexibility.
PRINCIPLES OF STEEL
DESIGN.
 The structural design of buildings, whether of structural steel or reinforced concrete, requires
the determination of the overall proportions and dimension of the supporting framework and
the selection of the cross sections of individual members.

 The structural engineer must select and evaluate the overall structural system in order to
produce an efficient and economical design but cannot do so without a thorough
understanding of the design of the components of the structure.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
DESIGN
• It includes determining the materials to be used, the arrangement of structural elements, and the
overall geometry of the structure.
• Structural designers consider factors such as safety, durability, aesthetics, cost-effectiveness, and
compliance with building codes and regulations
ANALYSIS
• Structural analysis involves the evaluation and prediction of how a structure will behave under various
loads, forces, and environmental conditions.
• It employs mathematical models, computational simulations, and sometimes physical testing to assess
factors such as stress, strain, deformation, stability, and performance.
COMMON TYPES OF STEEL
STRUCTURE
Steel Framed Structures:
Steel Frame Buildings: These structures use steel columns and beams as the primary structural
elements. The steel frame supports the building's load, and other materials such as concrete or metal
panels may be used for walls and floors.
COMMON TYPES OF STEEL
STRUCTURE
Steel Truss Structures:
Roof Trusses: Steel trusses are commonly used to support the roof of buildings. They consist of
interconnected steel members forming a triangular pattern to provide strength and stability.
COMMON TYPES OF STEEL
STRUCTURE
Steel Bridges:
Pedestrian Bridges: Steel is often used in the construction of pedestrian and vehicle bridges due
to its strength and the ability to span long distances.
COMMON TYPES OF STEEL
STRUCTURE
Industrial Structures:
Factories and Warehouses: Steel structures are commonly used in industrial buildings due to their
ability to accommodate large open spaces without the need for many interior columns.
COMMON TYPES OF STEEL
STRUCTURE
High-Rise Buildings:
Skyscrapers: The structural framework of many tall buildings is made of steel to support the weight
of the structure and withstand wind loads.
COMMON TYPES OF STEEL
STRUCTURE
Sports Stadiums and Arenas:
Large Venues: Steel is commonly used in the construction of sports facilities due to its ability to
support large spans and provide the necessary strength for grandstands and roofs.
 WHAT ARE THE TYPE OF
LOADS THAT AFFECT STEEL
STRUCTURES
1.Dead Loads: Dead loads, also known as permanent loads, are
the static loads that remain constant over time and are
primarily due to the weight of the structure itself and any
permanent attachments or fixtures. Examples of dead loads
include:
1. Self-weight of structural members (e.g., beams, columns, braces)
2. Weight of the floor systems, walls, and roofs
3. Permanent fixtures such as HVAC systems, plumbing, electrical
components
4. Permanent partitions and finishes
 WHAT ARE THE TYPE OF
LOADS THAT AFFECT STEEL
1.
STRUCTURES
Live Loads: Live loads, also known as variable loads or imposed loads, are
the dynamic loads that change in magnitude and location over time. These
loads are typically due to the occupancy and usage of the structure and can
include:
1. People (occupants, furniture, equipment)
2. Vehicles (traffic loads on bridges, parking garages)
3. Storage of goods (warehouses, industrial facilities)
4. Wind loads (lateral forces exerted by wind on the structure)
5. Seismic loads (forces resulting from earthquakes or ground motion)
 METHODOLOGY OF
CONSTRUCTING STEEL
1. STRUCTURE
Site Preparation-excavation for foundations and leveling of the ground
2. Foundation installation-footing construction and installation of piles if required
3. Steel fabrication- detailed design and engineering of steel members. Fabrication of steel
components in a manufacturing facility.
4. Assembly and errection-setting up the steel framework on-site. Precise alignment and
welding of steel members.
5. Quality control- non-destructive testing for welds and steel components and ensuring
compliance with the industry standards and specification
6. Connection and Fastening- making structural connections between steel members.
Fastening the components securely
7. Protective coatings-application of corrosion resistant coatings to prevent rust.
 METHODOLOGY OF
CONSTRUCTING STEEL
STRUCTURE
8. Finishin Touches-installation of architectural features and application of aesthetic finishes
9.Inspection- Regular inspections during and after instruction
10.Handover-finalization of documentation and handover of the completed project to the client.
 ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGE OF STEEL
STRUCTURE
 ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGE OF STEEL
STRUCTURE
Material Properties:
1. Reinforced Concrete Structures:
1. Primary material: Concrete mixed with reinforcement (usually steel bars or mesh).
2. Good compressive strength but relatively low tensile strength.
3. Durable and resistant to fire.
2. Steel Structures:
1. Primary material: Structural steel.
2. High strength in both tension and compression.
3. Vulnerable to corrosion, requiring protection measures.
 ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGE OF STEEL
STRUCTURE
Construction Speed:
1. Reinforced Concrete Structures:
1. Generally takes more time to construct due to curing time for concrete.
2. Formwork installation and removal can be time-consuming.
2. Steel Structures:
1. Typically faster to erect as steel components can be pre-fabricated off-site.
2. Faster construction is advantageous in projects with tight schedules.

Design Flexibility:
3. Reinforced Concrete Structures:
1. Limited in terms of architectural flexibility compared to steel.
2. Better suited for structures requiring mass and stability.
4. Steel Structures:
1. Allows for greater architectural freedom and flexibility in design.
2. Well-suited for structures with long spans and intricate designs.
 ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGE OF STEEL
STRUCTURE
Weight and Foundation:
1. Reinforced Concrete Structures:
1. Heavier compared to steel structures.
2. Requires stronger foundations due to the weight.
2. Steel Structures:
1. Lighter than reinforced concrete structures.
2. Can be advantageous in areas with weak soil conditions.

Maintenance and Durability:

3. Reinforced Concrete Structures:
1. Generally require less maintenance.
2. Durable, especially in harsh environments.
4. Steel Structures:
1. Susceptible to corrosion, requiring regular maintenance.
2. Proper coating and protection can extend the lifespan.
 ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGE OF STEEL
Cost:
STRUCTURE
1. Reinforced Concrete Structures:
1. Can be cost-effective for small to medium-sized buildings.
2. Labor-intensive construction may increase costs.
2. Steel Structures:
1. Can be more expensive initially but may offer savings in terms of construction time.
2. Reduced labor costs due to faster construction may offset material costs.