Group 3: 5 Different Learning

Theories

Prepared by:

ELSA ROMANO
GLAIZA MAE AVILA
DELIA ASEDERA
FRED AMPO
GERALD DOGMOC
MAIN THEORIES

1. Behaviorism

2. Cognitive Learning Theory

3. Constructivism

4. Human

5. Connectionism: Social Learning Theory

LEARNING THEORIES

Learning Theories are frameworks that explain

how people acquire and retain knowledge. They
DEFINIT provide a systematic way to understand how
ION individuals process and respond to new
information. Different theories focus on different
aspects of the learning process, such as cognitive,
behavioral, and constructivist approaches.

One example of a learning theory is behaviorism, which

focuses on observable and measurable behaviors. This theory
suggests that learning occurs through the reinforcement or
EXAMP punishment of certain actions.
LE For example: In a classroom setting, a student may receive
praise or a good grade for completing a task correctly,
reinforcing the behavior of completing tasks.
BEHAVIORISM: ITS ALL IN THE
ACTION

Created by:
ELSA C. ROMANO
 Participants Directions

In order to learn about the behaviorist theory you will

follow this PowerPoint presentation, answering the questions
with 100% accuracy.

Answer the questions as you go and take the quiz at the

end.
havior
behavior
ism
be
 “behavior”

Great! You choose the part of the word of behaviorism that sum

up its definition. The concept of behaviorism is identifying,

encouraging, and measuring behavior’s exhibited by a

person or animal.
 “ism’’

This is not the part of the

word you need to
concentrate on.
 “be”

This part of the word

behaviorism doesn’t quite
get to the core of the word.
 “havior”

This is not what you want to

focus on.
 Behavior Modification
Here is a series of steps that a “behaviorist” might use to get a person to change their behavior.

1. Choose a behavior goal for a particular person.

2. Determine what motivates this particular person.

2. Break the behavior down into several small steps.

3. Implement these steps and record the results.

4. Evaluate the progress and revise the steps as needed.

Who are the Behavorists?

•Ivan Pavlov

•John Watson

•B.F. Skinner
 Who are the Behavorists?
• Ivan Pavlov
- 1849 – 1936
• Pavlov wanted to see if external stimuli could affect the salivation
process
- He rang a bell at the same time he gave the experimental dogs
food.
- After a while, the dogs – which before only salivated when they
saw and ate their food -
would begin to salivate when the bell rang, even if no food were
present.
 Who are the Behavorists?
• In 1903 he published his results calling this “conditioned
reflex”, such as yanking a hand back from a flame,
In that it had to be learned.
• Pavlov called this learning process “conditioning”
• He thought that conditioned reflexes could explain the
behavior of people.
Who are the Behavorists?
• John Watson

-1878 – 1958
• Watson was inspired by Pavlov

• He studied the behavior of children and concluded that humans were

simply more complicated than

animals but operated on the same principles.

 Who are the Behavorists?
• All animals, he believed were extremely complex machines that responded to
situations according to their “wiring”,

or nerve pathways that were conditions by experience.

• In 1913, he published an article outlining his ideas

- Disagreed with Freud

- Dismissed heredity as a significant factor in shaping human behavior.

 Who are the Behavorists?

• B.F. Skinner

- 1904 – 1990

• Skinner developed behavioral studies of rats that automatically reward

behavior.
• He wrote the behavior of Organisms and began his novel Walden II, about a
commune where behaviorist principles created a new kind of utopia.
 Who are the Behavorists?

• He used operant conditioning

- The rewarding of a partial behavior or a random act that approaches the desired
behavior.
• Skinner believed other all complicated tasks could be broken down and taught.

• He developed machines so students could learn bit by bit, uncovering answers for
an immediate “reward.”
Quiz Yourself on the Behaviorists!

1.Pavlov began his studies by:

a.Seeing if children like cookies
b. Teaching dogs to salivate at the ring of a bell
c. Developing a theory on behaviorism
Quiz Yourself on the Behaviorists!

2. Watson felt that

a.Heredity was important in shaping human behavior.
b.Animals responded to situations according to their
conditions experience.
c.That Freud had all the answers.
Quiz Yourself on the Behaviorists!

3. Skinner used _____________ to teach a behavior.

a.Stimulous
b.Pidgeons
c.Operant Conditioning
Key Concepts

Classical Conditioning
- Stimulus – Response

- Action causes response

- The bell rings to start class and all students quiet down and focus attention on
the teacher.
Key Concepts
Operant Conditioning

- Stimulus – Response-Reinforcer:

-Specific action causes a desired response when reinforced

- Students work very hard on mastering their times tables and teacher gives free
pass to skip the math homework for that night.
 Quiz Time!
• Pick the best answer that describes each term:

• Mrs. Smith flashes the lights to get her students attention. The students
immediately stop what they are doing and look her way.

- Classical Conditioning

- Operant Conditioning
 QUIZ TIME!
• Mr. Lee gives his students a free choice of how they will complete their
reading assignment after they have completed the read-aloud portion
as a whole class and behaved very well.
- Classical Conditioning

- Operant Conditioning
• The Computer Lab

• Reading

• Math

• Final Quiz
The Computer Lab

• Memorization of computer terms

and parts
• Use of computer programs with
automated positive/negative
feedback
Reading

• Using flash cards to memorize sight words

• Writing spelling word repeatedly

Math

• Recall facts for immediate reward drill

• Memorization by repetition
Which of the following is NOT an example of
Behaviorism in the classroom?

• Use of computer programs with automated positive/negative

feedback
• Using phonics to sound out words
• Writing spelling words repeatedly
• Recall facts for immediate reward (drill)
3D Control
2 With the Pan & Zoom button enabled, now 3 When you are finished editing, click
move, rotate, and resize your 3D model. the Pan & Zoom button again to
exit Pan and Zoom mode.
Now Animate Your 3D Model Using the Morph Transition
Try it yourself with the parrot on the right:

1 Duplicate this slide: Right-click the

slide thumbnail and select
Duplicate Slide.

2 In the second of these two

identical slides, change the 3D
Model on the right in some way
(rotate, move, or resize), then go
to Transitions > Morph.

3 Return to the first of the two slides and

press the Slide Show button and then
select Play to see your parrot morph!
COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY

Cognitive Learning Theory looks at the way

people think. Mental processes are an
important part in understanding how we learn.
Cognitive Learning Theory

• Cognitive development

• The psychology of learning which emphasizes human cognition or

intelligence as a special endowment enabling man to form hypotheses
and develop intellectually.

• It involves examining learning, memory, problem-solving skills, and

intelligence.
 Factors that influence learning
• Cognitivism, like behaviorism, emphasizes environmental conditions' role in
facilitating learning.
• Instructional explanations, demonstrations, illustrative examples, and
matched non-examples are all considered to be instrumental in guiding
student learning.
• Similarly, emphasis is placed on the role of practice with corrective
feedback.
Factors that influence learning

• Learners’ thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and values are also

considered to be influential in the learning process.
• The real focus of the cognitive approach is on changing the
learner by encouraging him/her to use appropriate learning
strategies.
Cognitive Development Implied in the Classroom

• Teachers should carefully assess the current stage of a child’s

cognitive development and only assign tasks for which the child
is prepared.
• Teachers must provide children with learning opportunities that
enable them to advance through each developmental stage.
Cognitive Development Implied in the
Classroom

• Teachers should maintain a proper balance between actively

guiding the child and allowing opportunities for them to explore

things on their own to learn through discovery.

What is Constructivism?
• Constructivism is a theory in education that recognizes learners
construct new understandings and knowledge, integrating with what
they already know. This includes knowledge gained prior to entering
school.

• Constructivism is an approach that seeks to construct knowledge

through experience.
The following are illustrative examples of constructivism in education:

• Advisors
-Constructivism calls upon each student to build knowledge
through experience such that knowledge can’t simply be
transferred from the teacher to student. As such, teachers play
a facilitation role.
• Love of Learning
-Students are expected to pursue knowledge in a self-directed
fashion. This is based on the idea that people, particularly
children, are inquisitive and naturally pursue knowledge.
The following are illustrative examples of constructivism in
education:

• Assessment
-Tests may be avoided or may be based on unique outputs
such as an essay.
• Play
-A recognition of the value of play typically runs through
constructivist school culture.
• Group Work
-Constructionist teaching methods are heavily based on group
work.
The following are illustrative examples of constructivism in
education:

• Discussion
-Constructionism allows students to challenge all ideas
including those put forward by teachers and learning
materials.
• Leadership
-Groupings may be mixed-age and older children may be
given a leadership role.
• Experimentation
-Running experiments to acquire original knowledge.
The following are illustrative examples of constructivism in
education:

• Research
-Research projects whereby students collect knowledge and
apply skills.
• Learning by Teaching
-Students are asked to share the results of their projects,
research and initiatives with others such that they learn by
teaching.
• Problem Solving
-The development of solutions to open-ended problems.
The following are illustrative examples of constructivism in
education:

• Field Trips
-As constructivism views learning as a process of experience,
field trips may be viewed as a core learning activity.
• Media
-The consumption and production of media such as film.
• Art
-Creative exercises based on the principle of art.
The following are illustrative examples of constructivism in
education:

• Design
-Solving problems with design and design thinking.
• Postmodernism
-Constructionism and its rejection of objective reality is
a defining characteristic of postmodernism.
Note:

•While many schools are purely

based on constructivism, in
practice it is possible to balance
this with other methods.