Structure of Nursing

Knowledge
2. METAPARADIGM

a. Person e. Philosophy
b. Health f. Conceptual Models
c. Environment g. Theory
d. Nursing h. Middle-range theory

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Metaparadigm
-Define first what is “concept”
- Concept is a term or label that describes a phenomenon or group
- Phenomenon described by a concept may be either empirical or
abstract.
- An empirical concept is one that can be either observed or
experienced through the senses.
- An abstract concept is one that is not observable, such as hope or
caring
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Metaparadigm
-is the most global perspective of a discipline.
-the metaparadigm represents the overarching concepts and
relationships that define the core focus of a discipline, while
conceptual models provide different viewpoints and
interpretations of the subject matter, enabling a more
comprehensive understanding of the phenomena of interest
within that discipline.

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A. Person
• Individuals- This element refers to individual human
beings who are recipients of nursing care. Nurses consider
the physical, emotional, psychological, and social aspects
of each individual when providing care.
• The metaparadigm recognizes the unique needs,
preferences, and experiences of each person as they
interact with the healthcare system.
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A. Person
• Families- Nursing acknowledges the importance of
family dynamics and relationships in the health and well-
being of individuals. Families often play a significant role
in providing support and care to patients, and nurses
consider the influence of family interactions and support
systems when planning and delivering care.

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A. Person
• Communities- Nursing extends beyond individual care to
encompass the health and well-being of communities. Nurses
recognize the impact of social, cultural, and environmental factors
on health outcomes.
• They work to promote health and prevent illness at both the
individual and community levels.

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A. Person
• Other groups- This element encompasses various
groups beyond individuals, families, and communities,
such as social or support groups, organizations, and
populations with specific health needs.
• Nurses consider the unique needs and challenges faced by
these groups and tailor their care approaches accordingly.

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B. Health
• “Human processes of living and dying" emphasizes the natural
and inevitable aspects of human existence.
• This perspective on health as encompassing the processes of
living and dying underscores the importance of a holistic and
patient-centered approach to nursing care. It acknowledges the
dynamic nature of health and the need to address physical,
emotional, psychological, and spiritual well-being in the context
of the human experience.
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C. Environment

• Human beings’ significant others and physical

surroundings as well as local, regional, national, and
worldwide cultural, social, political, and economic
conditions that are associated with human beings’
health

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D. Nursing
• Actions taken by nurses on behalf of or in
conjunction with human beings, and the goals
or outcomes of nursing actions; the process of
which encompasses activities that are referred
to assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention,
and evaluation.
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E. Philosophy
• set forth the general meaning of nursing and nursing
phenomena through reasoning and the logical presentation
of ideas.
• Philosophies are broad and address general ideas about
nursing.
• It also contributes to the discipline by providing direction,
clarifying values, and informing a foundation for theory
development.
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F. Concept Models
• Conceptual models are composed of abstract and
general concepts and propositions that provide a
frame of reference for members of a discipline.
• A conceptual model is specifically defined as a set
of concepts and statements that integrate the
concepts into a meaningful configuration.
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F. Concept Models
• Assumptions are accepted as truth and represent the values and
beliefs of the theory or conceptual framework
• Proposition is a statement about a concept or a statement of the
relation between two or more concepts.
• Conceptual models of nursing are models containing abstract
concepts that are not directly observable and that are not limited
to a particular type of patient, situation, or event.
• The definitions and overall framework presented in a conceptual
model are formal and explicit.
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G. Theory
• A nursing theory is more specific than a conceptual model.
nursing.
• The conceptualization is articulated for the purpose of describing,
explaining, predicting, or prescribing nursing care.
• “The primary distinction between a conceptual model and a theory
is the level of abstraction.
• A theory, in contrast, deals with one or more specific, concrete
concepts and propositions.”
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H. Middle-range Theory
The structure of a middle-range theory in nursing
typically consists of the following components:
• Concepts • Applicability
• Propositions • Empirical Validation
• Assumptions • Clinical Relevance
• Scope and Focus

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H. Middle-range Theory

Concepts- Middle-range theories are built upon a set

of concepts that are relevant to a specific area of
nursing practice or research. These concepts help to
define and explain the phenomenon under study.
Concepts can be abstract, such as "coping strategies,"
"patient satisfaction," or "pain management."

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H. Middle-range Theory
Propositions- Middle-range theories include
propositions, which are statements that describe the
relationships between concepts. Propositions help to
articulate the connections and interactions between
different aspects of the theory. For example, a
proposition might state that "effective pain
management strategies lead to improved patient
satisfaction."
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H. Middle-range Theory
Assumptions- Middle-range theories are grounded
in underlying assumptions that guide the theory's
development and application. Assumptions are the
foundational beliefs that shape the theory's
perspective and direction.

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H. Middle-range Theory
Scope and Focus: Middle-range theories are more
limited in scope compared to grand theories. They
are designed to address specific phenomena, issues,
or problems within nursing practice. The theory's
focus is well-defined and relevant to a particular
context.

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H. Middle-range Theory
Applicability: Middle-range theories are intended
to be practical and applicable to real-world nursing
situations. They provide a framework for guiding
nursing interventions, research studies, or policy
development within a specific domain.

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H. Middle-range Theory

Empirical Validation: Middle-range theories are

often developed based on empirical research and
evidence. They are subject to testing, refinement,
and validation through research studies, allowing
them to evolve and improve over time.

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H. Middle-range Theory

Clinical Relevance: Middle-range theories are

developed with a practical aim in mind, which
makes them particularly relevant to nursing
practice. Nurses can use these theories to guide
decision-making, improve patient care, and enhance
outcomes.

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Thank You!

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