MATTER & ITS

PROPERTIES
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
OBJECTIVE/S:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1.Distinguish between the physical and chemical
properties of matter.
2.Use properties of matter to identify substances
and to separate them.
3.Describe various simple separation techniques
such as distillation, chromatography, etc.
 Outline

States of Matter Properties of Matter Classification of Matter

• Solid • Physical • Pure

properties Substance
• Liquid
• Chemical • Mixture
• Gas properties
Matter

 anything that occupies space and has mass

 Is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
 Matter can be classified into three (3) states:
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
States of matter
 Molecular Behavior
Properties of Gas Liquid Solid
Matter

Volume/Shape not definite volume definite volume but definite volume and
and indefinite shape definite shape
shape of container

Density low high high

Compressibilty easy to compress cannot be Cannot be

appreciably appreciably
compressed compressed

Motion and Random, fast, cover Random, medium Vibration in place;

arrangement of large distances; speed, limited ordered
Molecules total disorder distances;Disorder arrangement
Properties of Matter

 Properties are characteristics of substance which

enable us to identify the substance and
differentiate it from other substances.
All matter can be described either physical or
chemical properties.
Physical Properties

• The physical properties of matter are

perceived by the senses. It can be observed,
measured, and tested without changing the
composition of matter.
Examples:Color, odor, taste, hardness, boiling
point.
• Physical properties can either be intensive and
extensive properties.
 Physical Properties

Intensive
are propertiesProperties
that do not
depend on the amount of
Extensive
 are propertiesProperties
that depend on
the amount of matter present
matter present or being or being tested.
measured.
Example: mass, length, and
Example: Color, hardness, shape
boiling point
 Some physical properties of matter
Hardness - refers to ability of a material to resist scrathching.

Melting point - is the temperature where solid changes to liquid.

Boiling point - is the temperature where liquid changes to gas.

Luster - is a property of a material that pertains to the interaction of light

on the surface of metal.

Malleability - is the ability of a metal to be hammered or shaped into thin

sheets without breaking or cracking.

Density - is defined as the mass of an object per unit volume.

 Chemical properties

• The chemical properties are properties involved

change in the substance’s composition during
chemical reaction.
Example: Flammability, reactivity, toxicity, oxidation
Changes in Matter
The changes that matter undergoes may be Physical or
Chemical.

Physical Change - do not alter the identity of a substance.

Example: Evaporation, Solidification

Chemical Change - produce new compounds with a different

chemical composition and a different set of properties.
Example: Photosynthesis
Chemical change

Example:
Photosynthesis - is the process through which
plants transform solar energy to chemical energy

6CO2 + 6H2O --------> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Classification of Matter

Matter can be classified into two (2)

composition:
(1) pure substance
(2) mixture
1. Pure Substance

Contains only one type of particle and has a

uniform composition.
it cannot be separated by physical means
Pure substances can be classified into (a)
elements and (b) compounds
1.1 Elements

are substances composed of only one kind of

atom.
• Elements can be classified into three (3):
(a) metal
(b) non metal
(c)metalloids
 1.1.1 Metals

• Metals constitiute the greatest number of elements in the periodic table.

Example of metals: Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Iron (Fe)
• Properties of Metals
Metals are lustrous in nature
Metals are malleable
Metals are ductile
Metals are good conductor
Metals are solid in room temperature except Mercury
Most metals arerd and have high densities
1.1.2 Nonmetals

• Nonmetals are elements that lack or do not have the characteristics of metals.
example of nonmetals: Oxygen (O), Iodine (I), Chlorine (Cl)
• Properties of Nonmetal
have a dull appearance
brittle
poor conductors of heat and electricity
good insulators
have low densities
1.1.3 Metalloids

• Metalloids are elements which have the properties of both metals and
nonmetals.
Examples of metalloids: Boron (B), Arsenic (As)
1.2 Compounds

 substances composed of two or more kinds of atoms

that are chemically bonded together in fixed
proportions.
Example: H2O (water), NaCl (Sodium chloride)
Compounds can be classified into three (3):
(a) acids
(b) bases
(c) salts
 1.2.1 Acids

An acid is compound that donates H+ ions in an aqueous

solution.
It tastes sour and turns blue litmus paper to red.

Example: Acetic Acid (Vinegar)

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Soft drinks
 1.2.2 Base

A base is a compound that accepts H+ ions in an

aqueous solution.
It taste bitter and turns red litmus paper to blue.

Example: Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Ammonia (NH3)
Detergent powder
1.2.3 Salt

Salt is a compound that is formed when an acid and a

base react.
This reaction, which forms salt and water,is called
neutralization.
HCl + NaOH ------> H2O + NaCl

Example of salt: table salt (NaCl)

calcium carbonate
2.Mixtures

Mixtures are made up of two or more substances which

are mixed together but are not chemically combined.
Mixture can be classified as
(a) Homogeneous mixture
(b) Heterogeneous mixture
2.1 Homogeneous Mixture

has only one phase and a uniform composition all

throughout.
• A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
example: sugar and water solution
2.2 Heterogeneous Mixture

• has two or more phases.

example: halo-halo
• A heterogeneous mixture can be;
(a) Colloids
(b) Suspension
 2.2.1 Colloids

• Colloids, which are also called colloidal dispersions,

are heterogeneous mixtures that have particles
bigger than those of a solution but smaller than those
of a solution.
example: Aerosols - gas as the dispersed medium, and
th dispersed phase is either solid or liquid.
2.2.2 Suspension

are heterogeneous mixtures that have

particles bigger than those of colloids.
Example: sand and water mixture

A major difference between colloid

and a suspension it its particle size.
 Reference/s:

• General Chemistry 1 for Senior High School. C&E Publishing, Inc., 2017