Topic: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Tabassum
 TABLE OF CONTENT
• WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?
• LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY
• BIODIVERSITY LOSS
• WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION?
• THE INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF
NATURE (IUCN)
• WHAT IS IUCN RED LIST?
• VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY
• TYPES OF CONSERVATION
• WHAT ARE THE MAIN CAUSE OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS?
• EFFECT OF LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY
• WHY DOES IT MATTER?
Constitution of India describe under the article [Article-51-A (g) ]
Fundamental Duties

• It shall be the duty of every citizen of India,

to protect and improve the natural
environment including forests, lakes, rivers
and wildlife and to have compassion for
living creatures
 What is biodiversity?
• Biodiversity is the
variety of life on
Earth, it includes all
organisms, species
and populations, the
genetic variation
among these and
their complex
assemblages of
communities and
ecosystems
 Levels of biodiversity Genetic diversity
refers to the diversity
in genetic makeup that
exists within
Genetic populations or species
biodiversity of plants and animals
Includes the
differences in DNA
Species diversity composition among
describes the numbers individuals within a
Species Ecological
and kinds of different biodiversity
given species
biodiversity
plants and animals
locally, regionally or
globally
Species richness =
number of species Ecosystem diversity implies the variety of
habitats, biological communities and
ecosystems that make up the biosphere
Includes diversity above the species level
 BIODIVERSITY LOSS
• Loss of biodiversity or biodiversity loss is the
extinction of species (plant or animal)
worldwide, and also the local reduction or loss
of species in a certain habitat
• Can be temporary or permanent, depending on
whether the environmental degradation that
leads to the loss is reversible through ecological
restoration or not
• Global extinction has so far been proven to be
irreversible
 WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION?

 Protection, preservation,
management, or restoration of
wildlife and natural resources such
as animals, plants forests and water

PURPOSE OF CONSERVATION

 Survival of many species and habitats which are

threatened due to human activities
 Securing valuable Natural Resources for future
generations
 The International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
• Global authority on the status of the natural world and the
measures needed to safeguard it
• Working in the field of nature’s conservation and sustainable use
of natural resources
• Created in 1948 in France
• IUCN's mission is to "influence, encourage and assist societies
throughout the world to conserve nature and to ensure that any
use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically
sustainable“
• The organization is best known to the wider public for compiling
and publishing the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species,
• Established the World Wide Fund for Nature and the World
Conservation Monitoring Centre
What is IUCN red list?
 IUCN Red List is a system of assessing the
global conservation status of species that
includes "Data Deficient" (DD) species –
(species for which more data and
assessment is required before their status
may be determined)

 The IUCN categories species in following

classes:
 Near Threatened (NT) and Least Concern(LC)
 Threatened species (T)
 Endangered species (EN)
 Critically Endangered (CR)
Vulnerable (VU)
Extinct (EX)
 VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY
• Consumptive use value The direct utilisation of
timber, food, fuel wood, fodder by local
communities
• Productive use value Marketable goods
• Social values
• Ethical and moral values are based on the
importance of protecting all forms of life
• Aesthetic value Knowledge and an appreciation
of the presence of biodiversity for its own sake
 TYPES OF CONSERVATION
In situ Ex situ
Wildlife Sanctuaries and Botanical & Zoological
National Parks Gardens

Sacred plants home

Biosphere Reserves
gardens

Seed Banks (Field banks

and cryopreservation)
 Biospheres reserves
• It is a special category of protected areas where human population also form a part of the
system. They are large protected area usually more than 5000s.q km
• a biosphere reserve has 3 parts
• 1) Core:
• Core zone is an inner zone, this is undistributed legally protected area
• 2) Buffer zone:
• Buffer zone lies between the core and transition zone some research and educational
activates are permitted hear
• 3) Transition zone:
• Transition zone is the outer most zone part of the biosphere reserve. Hear cropping,
forestry, recreation, fishery and other activities are allowed
 Botanical gardens Zoological gardens

• A botanical garden is a
place where flowers, In zoos wild animals are
fruits and vegetables maintained in captivity
are grown conservation of wild
• The botanical garden animals(endangered
provide beauty and species)
calm environment
• Have started keeping
exotic plants for
education and research
purses
 Seed banks & Gene banks
• These are cooled storages
where seeds are kept under
controlled temperature and
humidity for storage
• This is easy way to store
germplasm of plants at low
temperature
• Seed preserve under
controlled condition(minus
temperature) remain viable
long duration of time
 Cryopreservation
• This is newest application of
technology for preservation
of biotic parts
• This type of conservation is
done by at low temperature
(-196) in liquid nitrogen
• The metabolic activity of
organisms are suspended
under low temperature,
which are later used to
research purpose
• Cryopreservation of disease
free meristem is very helpful
 Tissue culture banks

• Long term culture of

excised roots and
shoots are
maintained
• Meristem culture is
very popular in
plant propagation as
it’s a virus and
disease free method
of multiplication
 National Parks Sanctuaries

• Jim Corbett National park • Bharatpur bird Sanctuary

• Kanha • Ranthambor
• Ranthambore • Great and the Little Rann of
• Bandhavgarh Kutch
• • Jaldapara
Periyar
• • Nagzira
Tadoba
• • Radhanagari
Sariska
• • Dachigam Sanctuary
Gir Forest National &
ParkWildlife Sanctuary • The Great Himalayan National
• Kaziranga Park
• Desert National Park • Manas Sanctuary
• Bhimashankar, Koyana,
Chandoli and Radhanagari
What are the main cause of biodiversity loss?

Habitat loss
Pollution and Over
and
contamination exploitation
destruction

Invesive
Alteration in Global climate alien
ecosystem change species
composition
NATURAL CAUSES FOR LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY

• Floods

• Earthquakes
• Landslides

• Natural competition
between species
EFFECT OF LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY
• Unbalanced food chain
• Reduction in wildlife animal
• Danger to human life
• Loss of economic value
• Loss of genetic information
 Why does it matter?
• Biodiversity conservation provides substantial
benefits to meet immediate human needs Such as
food, clean and consistent water flows, protection
from floods and storms and a stable climate
• The loss of biodiversity is dangerous and its
consequences are immediate
• Increased understanding about the world’s current
biodiversity situation and an increased emphasis
on education will give future generations an
opportunity to experience nature to its fullest
extent