PROTOCOL SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON

CATCHMENT OPTIMIZATION MODELING OF WATER

RESOURCES UTILIZATION FOR RURAL COMMUNITIES IN
NIGERIA

BY
OLLA, O.O (90/022877)

SUPERVISOR: DR. K.A ADENIRAN

AUGUST 28, 2015

 INTRODUCTION

A catchment is a basin shaped area of land, bounded by natural

features such as hills or mountains from which surface and sub
surface water flows into streams, rivers and wetlands.
 Water flows into, and collects in the lowest areas in the landscape.
 Drainage network refers to the system of streams which transport
water, sediment and other material from a catchment.
 INTRODUCTION
(CONTD)
A catchment receives water which falls to earth as precipitation
(rainfall), and the drainage network channels the water from
throughout the catchment to a common outlet.
 The outlet of a catchment is the mouth of the main stream or river.
 Tributaries are small feeder streams that empty into larger streams
or rivers. The catchments of tributaries are referred to as sub-
catchments. Large catchments are often made up of a number of
smaller sub-catchments.
 INTRODUCTION
(CONTD)
 No catchment is exactly like another. Each has a different size, shape,
drainage pattern and features that are determined by natural processes,
particularly geology and climate.

 The geology of your catchment will influence many of its

characteristics, from the stability of the streambanks and streambed to
the natural pH of the water.
 INTRODUCTION (CONTD)
 Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a holistic manner
of managing water resources. It can also be described as the
sustainable development, allocation and monitoring of water resource
use in the context of social, economic and environmental objectives
(Cap-Net,2005a).
 Catchment models are by definition simplified representations of the
real world system.
 INTRODUCTION
(CONTD)
 Optimization methods are designed to provide the ‘best’ values of
system design and operating policy variables – values that will lead to
the highest levels of system performance.
 Optimization model identifies an optimal management strategy from a
set of feasible alternative strategies (Das and Datta, 2011)
 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
 Sparse or non existence of major hydrological data for most
catchments in Nigeria
 Under-utilization of our God-given resources, especially water
resources
 Lack of working tool for development and effective management of
projects by government and other non-governmental agencies
 Little or no application of IWRM in Nigeria
 LITERATURE REVIEW

 The dynamic water balance model was used to analyze 20 catchments

in the Upper Blue Nile basin and to predict the direct runoff and other
processes based on the limit concept(Tekleab et al., 2011)

 Otherstudies on the hydrology of the Upper Blue Nile basin using a

simple water balance model have been carried out; they include
Conway, 1997; Mishra and Hata, 2006.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

 The overarching goal of African Dams Project is to adapt planning and

operation of large dams to social needs and environmental constraints in
order to strengthen the inter-disciplinary science of Integrated Water
Resource Management (IWRM) (Cohen, 2009).

 The necessity for prediction of flows of ungauged catchments in Nigeria is

vital to the planning of hydropower systems (Bilewu, 2015)
 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
 A model development for the catchment will help in no small way to enhance
water resources development within the catchment.
 The concrete dam jointly constructed by the Kwara State Government and the
National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin is of enormous capacity
compared to the volume of water used to serve the Idofian, Elerinjare and other
communities already discovered in the catchment.
 This work will show the level of under-utilization and possibly suggest optimum
uses of the resource. Hydrological parameters to be determined for this
catchment will be of immense use in similar research work involving the
catchment.
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this research work is to:
To develop a catchment model for integrated management and sustainable
use of the water resources.
Secondary objectives include:
 To generate a model for estimating runoff and discharge of selected parts.
 To predict some hydrologic processes for the catchment for future uses.
 To maximize the utilization of the available water resources within the
catchment.
 To recommend possible other uses to which the available resources can be put.
 SCOPE OF WORK
This work is intended to use the available data within my
catchment of interest, using suitable existing model to generate
the discharge data for the catchment.
To develop an IWRM model with focus on irrigation and
water supply for the available water resources in the
catchment.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Catchment boundary delineation

The perimeter of the catchment was delineated with the aid of a
Global Positioning System (GPS) using the co-ordinate of the
concrete dam located at Elerinjare and some softwares such as
Google Earth. This was carried out to obtain the catchment
boundary as shown in fig. 1. The catchment is made up of eight
villages, namely Okanle, Amodu Asungbolu, Okanle, Arugbo,
Irapa, Basanyin villages; names of three others yet to be
discovered. The major river, Odomu river dammed at Elerinjare
with its tributaries is as shown in the catchment.

FIG.1: CATCHMENT
DELINEATION
MW
MS X 100 (3)

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

FIG 2:- TOPOGRAPHICAL

MAP OF THE
CATCHMENT,
INCLUDING THE
ELERINJARE DAM
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Catchment characteristics
 The following catchment characteristics for the catchment :
 (1) Basin Area: 6,111,5474.45 M 2 = 61.115 Km2

 (2) Stream Order

Streams are often classified by size. Within any catchment the smallest streams
that have year round flow and no tributaries are called first order streams.
When two first order streams meet they form a second order stream. A third
order stream is formed when two second order streams join, and so on.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
STREAM STREAM STREAM LENGTH OF
NUMBER DESCRIPTION ORDER STREAM (KM)
01 MAINLINE 3 13.598
02 BRANCH 1 3.296
03 BRANCH 1 1.568
04 BRANCH 1 0.798
05 BRANCH 1 0.407
06 BRANCH 1 2.689
07 BRANCH 2 5.337
O8 BRANCH 1 2.689
09 BRANCH 1 0..707
10 BRANCH 1 1.911
11 BRANCH 2 3.444
12 BRANCH 1 0.881
13 BRANCH 1 1.351
14 BRANCH 1 2.762
15 BRANCH 1 0.262
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 DRAINAGE DENSITY:
Dd   L

A

Dd  40.105
61.115

 0.656 / km

AVERAGE LENGTH OF OVERLAND

FLOW
L0  1
2 Dd  = 0.762 km
Ds  Ns
A

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Stream density: also known as stream frequency refers to

the ratio of the number of streams (Ns) to the Basin area
(A). The stream density for the catchment,

Ds  Ns
A

15
61.115  0.245 / km 2
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Catchment length: refers to the length, measured along the main stream from
the catchment outlet to the remotest part of the catchment boundary.

 The catchment length for the catchment under consideration= 13.598 Km

61.115 km
Form factor  (Ba
 0.331
Basin
(Ba
sinArea
Basin
Area((AA))
2
length)) 2( A )
sinlength
(13.598) 2
Form factor  ( Ba sinArea
Ba sin
length ) 2 ,

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Basin shape: Basin shape is quantitatively measured by factors such

as form factor, circulatory ratio, elongation ratio and compactness
coefficient.
Form factor  Ba sin Area ( A )
( Ba sin length ) 2

61.115 km
(13.598 ) 2
 0.331
 =
=

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Circulatory Ratio: is defined as the ratio of the basin area to the area of the circle
whose perimeter equals the perimeter of the basin. The Circulatory Ratio for the catchment,

Circulator y ratio ( Rc )  4 A
P2

4 x 3.142 x 61.115
48.466 2

768.093
2348.953  0.327
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Elongation Ratio: is the ratio of the diameter D e of a circle whose

area is the same as the area of the basin to the length of the basin:

Re  De
 2 A
L L

•The Elongation Ratio for the catchment, R E =
2 61.115
 0.649
13.598 3.142
Cc  P
4 A

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Compactness coefficient: can be defined as the ratio of the perimeter of the basin
to the perimeter of the circle whose area equals the area of the basin, i.e.

Cc  P
 48.466  1.749
4 A 4 x 3.142 x 61.115

Area- Length relation: Data obtained from a number of larger rivers all over the world were
used to arrive at an Area- Length relation that allows the determination of a catchment area,
knowing the length of the main stream in kilometer; i.e.
L = 1.27 (61.115) 0.6
= 14.98
L  1.273 A 0.6
 RESULTS OBTAINED SO FAR
The Physiographic characteristics of the catchment, ie.
Topographic map and other basin characteristics have been
determined.
Daily discharge data of the catchment, using the existing
Idofian-Elerinjare dam and a newly constructed NCAM weir as
measurement points.
TABLE 1:-DISCHARGE DATA
GENERATION

Date NCAM Weir Idofian- Elerinjare dam

1/6/2015 Depth = 0.03m Depth = 6.19 m

Flow vel. = 0.94 m/s

Wetted Area = 0.0005 m2

2/6/2015 Depth = 0.23 m Depth = 6.15 m

Flow vel. = 0.91 m/s

Wetted Area = 0.0026 m2

3/6/2015 Depth = 1.03m Depth = 6.16 m

Flow vel. = 0.95 m/s

Wetted Area = 0.003 m2

4/6/2015 Depth = 1.45 m Depth = 6.22 m

Flow vel. = 0.98 m/s

 FURTHER WORK
 Surveyof the socio-economic activities within the catchment including
water use pattern.
 Estimation of future water needs in the catchment for water supply,
irrigation, commerce, industry, ecology.
 Determinationof the quality characteristics of the catchment water
( both groundwater and surface water)
 FURTHER WORK
 Model generation for the catchment to estimate runoff and discharge of
selected parts.
 Prediction of some hydrologic processes for the catchment for future uses.
 Maximization of the utilization of the available water resources within the
catchment, i.e. optimization.
 Recommendation of possible other uses to which the available resources can
be put.
 Catchment model development for integrated management and sustainable use
PROJECT PICTURES SHOWING MEASUREMENT
SITES
WORK CONTNUES,
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR