Historical

perspective on the
interactions of
sts​
midterm module 2​
​
• Comprehensive chronology of inventions
and discovery across history, and modern
technology Whose roots emanated from
inventions or discovery​

READ AND COMPREHEND THE DISCUSSION GIVEN ON THE LINK ​

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/timeline.html​
​
HISTORY PERSPECTIVE
APPROCHES TO THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE..

1. INTERNALIST
2. EXTERNALIST
INTERNALIST
• Science is seen as autonomous and independent from
the forces of society in the sense that it possesses and
internal logic of its own.

Works independently and main goal is to satisfy their

curiosity

Pursues research for its own sake, and not for social
purposes
EXTERNALIST
• The development of Science and technology occurs in
the context of society and responds by the social,
economic , political and ideological forces in society
THEORIES ON THE NATURE
OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
2 important debates

1. GOAL OF SCIENCE
SCIENCE IS:
1. A DESCRIPTIVE ACTIVITY
2. PERSPECTIVE CHARACTER

2. NATURE OF THE PROGRESS

SCIENCE IS:
1. A STATIC BODY OF KNOWLEDGE
• HISTORICAL-DIALECTICAL PERSPECTIVE

1. POPPER – Prevailing scientific knowledge in a given field should be given

provisional acceptance
2. LAKATOS- Scientific knowledge develops a product of the contradictions and
conflict between competing research programs
3. FEYERABEND – Scientific knowledge should always be accorded constant
skepticism
4. KUHN- Science is governed by a paradigm or a set of belief, value systems
and techniques that guides the development of knowledge in a particular
field.
• A paradigm shift—or paradigm change—
happens when scientific activity and
experimentation begins to contradict premises
that experts previously considered unshakable.
As a result, a new and different paradigm
replaces the dominant paradigm of its day.
 REVIEW/ RECITATION
1. Think of a word, phrase or Sentence that is related
to our topics in MIDTERM COVERAGE.
2. Type the word in our chat box
3. No repetition- if you think your answer is same
with your classmates then you have to choose
another one.
4. Your answer will be the question to be given to
your classmates.
5. You will be the one to formulate your own
question- with answer after it was asked..
6. This will be 2 way point of recitation (QUESTION
and ANSWER)..