COAL AND

PETROLEUM
Group - 4
 DISTILLATION OF
PETROL
Petroleum distillation is a refining process that separates
crude oil into its components, including petrol. It involves
heating the crude oil in a fractionating column, where
different hydrocarbons vaporize at varying temperatures.
The vapors are then condensed into liquid fractions. Petrol,
or gasoline, typically distills at a temperature range of 40-
205°C (104-401°F). This process is crucial for obtaining
various refined products from crude oil, meeting specific
market demands.
 CRACKING
OF
PETROLEUM
Petroleum cracking refers to the process of breaking
down large hydrocarbons in crude oil into smaller and
more valuable components such as gasoline and diesel.
There are two main types of cracking:

1. Thermal Cracking (or Steam Cracking): This

process involves the use of heat to break down
hydrocarbons. Steam is often used to facilitate the
reaction. The result is the production of lighter
hydrocarbons like ethylene and propylene, which are
essential for the petrochemical industry.

2.Catalytic Cracking: This method involves the use of

a catalyst to speed up the cracking process at lower
temperatures compared to thermal cracking. Fluid
Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is a common type of catalytic
cracking used to produce gasoline and other valuable
products.
REMOVAL OF SULPHUR
Sulphur removal from petroleum is crucial to meet
environmental standards and enhance fuel quality. The
process typically involves hydrodesulfurization (HDS),
where petroleum is treated with hydrogen under high
pressure and temperature, catalyzed by metal-based
catalysts. This results in the conversion of sulfur compounds
into hydrogen sulfide, which can be easily separated, leading
to low-sulfur fuels and reducing air pollution from sulfur
emissions.