Sec.#1: Chp.

#4: Realism
& Confidence
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (Pg. 35 & 36)
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-1898)
 Educational Reforms
• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan came forward and tried to help the Muslims
come out from such deplorable and miserable conditions
• In 1863 he founded the Scientific Society at Ghazi pore. He wanted
to make scientific writings available to Muslims by translating them
from English into Urdu.
• He established a Muslim college which led to the Muslim-Anglo
Oriental College (MAO) in 1876. This became the University of
Aligarh which became important in Pakistani history as providing
an education for many of its future leaders.
Aligarh Movement
• Sir Syed had rightly observed that the present conditions of
Muslims was mostly because of their conservative & extremist
attitude
• Indians Muslims has always considered the British as their
enemies & avoided social interaction with them, which created
a great deal of misunderstanding among the British about the
Muslims
• Sir Syed also realized that Muslims were lagging behind in
education because of their conservative approach towards
English and modern Knowledge.
 Central Aims of Aligarh Movement
Aligarh became the Centre of a “Muslim Renaissance” by
• Improving relations between the British & the Muslim community by
removing doubts about Muslim loyalty
• Improving the socio-economic position of Muslims by encouraging
them to receive western education & take up posts in civil service and
army.
• Increasing the political awareness of the Muslim community in order to
make them aware of the threat to their position from Hindu policy of
cooperation with the British.
His Famous Writings
Word Bank
• Reconciliation : the restoration of friendly
relations

• Renaissance : a revival of or renewed

interest in something
Task of The day
• Q: What was the Aligarh Movement? [4] Ans: The efforts of Sir Syed Ahmad
Khan and his colleagues for the collective social economic and political uplift
of the Indian Muslims is called the Aligarh Movement. Sir Syed established the
MAO School in 1876 which became a college in 1877. This was the nursery for
several future Muslim leaders of the Pakistan Movement. His Ghazipore
Scientific Society translated the modern English writings into Persian and
Urdu.
Task of The day
Q. What was Sir Syed’s Two Nation Theory? [4]
Ans. Sir Syed’s opposition to various Hindu demands became
known as his two nation theory. He opposed their demand of
replacing Urdu with Hindi, and holding of elections on the basis
of joint electrorate. He also opposed the idea of competitive
examinations for civil services in India. He proposed a quota
system in civil services, and separate electorate for Muslims.
This view depends on Belief that Muslims are a separate nation
so they have separate culture, values and beliefs.