INTEGRATION BY PARTS

3.1 - Integration By Parts

Start with the product rule:

 u dv    d uv   v du 
d dv du
uv   u  v
dx dx dx
 u dv    d uv    v du
d uv   u dv  v du

d uv   v du  u dv  u dv  uv   v du
This is the Integration by Parts
u dv  d uv   v du formula.

 3.1 - Integration By Parts

This technique is applied to functions of the type  f ( x ) g ( x ) dx

One of the factors, let’s say f (x ) is chosen to be u

and the remaining factor g ( x ) dx , to be dv.

 3.1 - Integration By Parts

Motivation: To obtain a simpler integral

Therefore, to choose u and dv, we have to remember a

few things:
(a) dx should be part of dv .
(b) dv should be readily integrated.
(c) u becomes simpler when differentiated.
(d) v du should be simpler than  u dv

 u  dv  u v   v  du
3.1 - Integration By Parts

 u dv  uv   v du
dv is easy to
u differentiates to integrate.
zero (usually).
The Integration by Parts formula is a “product rule” for
integration.

Choose u in this order: LIPET

Logs, Inverse trig, Polynomial, Exponential, Trig


Example 3.1.1

 u dv  uv   v du
 x  cos x dx LIPET

polynomial factor ux dv  cos x dx

du  dx v  sin x
u v   v du

x  sin x   sin x dx

x  sin x  cos x  C
 Example 3.1.2

 x sin x dx
Let u = x and dv = sin x dx
du = dx v = -cos x Level 1

 u  dv  u v   v  du
 x sin xdx    x cos x   ( cos x)  dx
 x sin xdx   x cos x   (cos x)  dx Level 2

 x sin x dx   x cos x  sin x  c

 Example 3.1.2

 x sin x dx
Let u = sin x and dv = x dx Level 1
du = cos x dx v = x2/2

 u  dv  u v   v  du Level 2

2 2
x x
 x sin xdx 
2
sin x   2
(cos x ) dx

This will only complicate things!!!

Choose wisely
Example 3.1.3

 u dv  uv   v du
 ln x dx LIPET

logarithmic factor u  ln x dv  dx

u v   v du 1
du  dx vx
x
1
ln x  x   x  dx
x
x ln x  x  C
Example 3.1.4

 u dv  uv   v du LIPET
 x e dx
2 x

ux 2
dv  e dx
x
u v   v du
du  2 x dx v  ex
x e   e  2 x dx
2 x x

This is still a product, so we

x e  2  xe dx
2 x x
u x integration
need to use dv  ebyx dx
parts again.

x e  2 xe   e dx
2 x x x
 du  dx ve x

x e  2 xe  2e  C
2 x x x
Example 3.1.5

LIPET
u  e x dv  cos x dx
 cos x dx
x
e
du  e x dx v  sin x
u v   v du
ue dv  sin x dx
x

e x sin x   sin x  e x dx du  e dx v   cos x

x

x

e sin x  e   cos x    cos x  e dx
x x

uv v du This is the
e x sin x  e x cos x   e x cos x dx expression we
started with!
Example 3.1.5

u  e dv  cos x dx
x

e LIPET
x
cos x dx
du  e dx v  sin x
x

u v   v du
u  e x dv  sin x dx
e x sin x   sin x  e x dx du  e x dx v   cos x


e x sin x  e x   cos x    cos x  e x dx 
     cos x dx
x x x x
e cos x dx e sin x e cos x e

2  e cos x dx  e sin x  e cos x

x x x

e sin x  e cos x
x x

 e cos x dx  C
x

2
Example 3.1.5

 cos x dx
x
e This is called “solving for the
unknown integral.”
u v   v du
It works when both factors
e x sin x   sin x  e x dx integrate and differentiate
forever.

x

e sin x  e   cos x    cos x  e dx
x x

     cos x dx
x x x x
e cos x dx e sin x e cos x e

2  e x cos x dx  e x sin x  e x cos x

e x
sin x  e x
cos x
 e cos x dx  C
x

2 
 Example 3.1.6

 x sec
2
x dx
u=x dv = sec2(x) dx
du=dx v = tan x
 u  dv  u v   v  du Level 1

 x tan x   tan xdx Level 2

sin x
 x tan x   dx 1
cos x  x tan x   du
u= cos x = du/dx = -sin x u

 x tan x  ln(cos( x))  c

 Example 3.1.7

 xe
x
dx

u=x dv = ex dx Level 1

du = dx v = ex

 u  dv  u v   v  du
    dx  xe  e  c
x x
x x x
xe dx xe e
Level 2

u = ex dv = x dx
du = ex dx v = x2/2
2 2 !!!!!!
x x x x
 xe dx  2 e   2 e dx
x
 Example 3.1.8

x
2
ln x dx
u = ln x dv = x2 dx
du/dx = 1/x v = x3/3 Level 1

 u  dv  u v   v  du
3 3
x x dx
 x ln x dx  3 ln x   3 x
2

x3 x2
 ln x   dx Level 2
3 3
x3 1 3
 ln x  x  c
3 9
 Example 3.1.9

 x dx
1
sin

u  sin 1 x dv = dx
Level 1
du

1 v=x
dx 1  x2
 u  dv  u v   v  du
1  12
x
1 1
 
2 u
1

du    u du   2 u
2 2

 x sin 1 x   dx
Level 2
1 x 2

u = 1-x2 du/dx = -2x

1
 x sin x  1  x  c 2
 Example 3.1.10

x e
2 3x
dx Level 1

u = x2 dv = e3x dx
du = 2xdx v = 1/3 e 3x  u  dv  u v   v  du
x 2 e3 x 2
 e dx    xe3 x dx
2 3x
x Level 2
3 3
u=x dv = e 3x dx
du = dx v = 1/3 e 3x
x 2 e3 x 2  xe3 x 1 3 x 
x e dx      e dx 
2 3x

3 3 3 3 
x 2 e3 x 2  xe3 x e3 x 
    C
3 3 3 9 
 Example 3.1.11

 sin x dx
x
e u = sin x dv = e x dx
du/dx = cos x v = ex
Level 1

e sin x dx  e sin x   e cos xdx

x x x

u = ex dv = cos x dx
du/dx = ex v = sin x

e sin x dx  e sin x  [e sin x   e sin xdx]

x x x x
Level 2

x x
00
x x
x x
x
 Example 3.1.11 cont…

 e sin x dx
x
u = sin x dv = e x dx
du/dx = cos x v = ex
Level 1

e sin x dx  e sin x   e cos xdx

x x x

u = cosx dv = e x dx
du/dx = -sinx v = ex Level 2

     ( sin x)dx]
x x x x
e sin x dx e sin x [ e cos x e

     (sin x)dx
x x x x
e sin x dx e sin x e cos x e
2  e x sin x dx  e x sin x  e x cos x MUST be CONSISTENT
in selecting parts u and dv
e x
sin x  e x
cos x
 e sin x dx  c
x

2
 Example 3.1.11 cont…

 e sin x dx  u  dv  u v   v  du
x

u = ex dv = sin x dx
du/dx = ex v = -cos x
Level 1

e sin x dx  e cos x   e cos xdx

x x x

u = ex dv = cos x dx
du/dx = ex v = sin x Level 2

      sin xdx]
x x x x
e sin x dx e cos x [ e sin x e

2  e x sin x dx  e x cos x  e x sin x  c

e cos x  e sin x
x x

 e sin x dx  c
x

2
 Example 3.1.12

 u dv  uv   v du LIPET
∫ 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟐

u  x2 𝑑𝑣=sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
u v   v du
du  2 x dx 𝑣 =−cos 𝑥

𝑥 (−cos 𝑥 )−∫ ( −cos 𝑥 ) 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2

− 𝑥 cos 𝑥+2 ∫ ( cos 𝑥 ) Level

2
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1

𝑢= 𝑥 𝑑𝑣=cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢=𝑑𝑥𝑣 =𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
 Example 3.1.12 cont…

𝑢= 𝑥 𝑑𝑣=cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

− 𝑥 cos 𝑥+2 ∫ ( cos 𝑥 ) 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2
𝑑𝑢=𝑑𝑥𝑣 =𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

- )] + C

∫𝑥 sin𝑥𝑑𝑥=−𝑥 cos𝑥+2𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+2cos𝑥+ C
2 2