THEME:

THE MANGA:

ORIDINS AND
EVOLUTION
THE PRESENTERS ARE:

Fatoumata SANOGO
Aliou BADJAGA
Zeinab salima KANOUTE
 DETAILS OF THE PRESENTATION

THE HISTORY OF MANGA AND ITS ORIGINS

WHAT IS A MANGA
THE ORIGINS OF MANGA
WESTERN INFLUENCE ON JAPANESE MANGA
EVOLUTION OF MANGA IN JAPAN
THE GROWTH OF JAPANESE COMICS
MANGAKA’S BUSINESS AND ITS SPECIFICITIES
THE BEGINNINGS AND EVOLUTION OF MANGAS IN FRANCE
THE HISTORY OF MANGA AND ITS
ORIGINS
 Manga is a real phenomenon in the land of the rising sun as in France with millions of copies
sold each year!

 A famous Japanese comic book, the manga comes in the form of an illustrated novel with a
unique graphic style. Although the first manga, as we know it, dates back to 1902, the history of
manga has its origins in the thirteenth century!

 Popularized by Hokusai, the legendary master of printmaking, manga refers to quick sketches
before becoming by extension a term used to describe Japanese-style drawings or animated
films. Now, it more commonly represents comics in general.

 An exceptional artistic heritage in Japan, discover the origins of manga, its evolution through
the history of the country as well as the profession of mangaka.
📚 WHAT IS A MANGA?
 Manga is a word made up of 2 kanji: "Man" which means "entertaining",
"exaggerated", and "Ga" which translates to "drawing" or "image". The name
can therefore be defined as "quick sketch", "grotesque drawing" or
"caricature".

 The manga has particular graphic codes such as the use of black and white
and panels. The reading direction is reversed compared to Western books.

 There are several types of manga aimed at various audiences.

 THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF

MANGA
The kodomo manga: is a children's comic book like Pokemon and Doraemon.
 The shonen manga: is aimed at teenagers and tells the adventures of an orphaned hero
and his battles such as Naruto or Dragon Ball.
 Shojo manga: is aimed at young girls and mainly deals with the love and friendship
stories of schoolgirls like Nana.
 The seinen manga: is reserved for students or young adults and deals with more
realistic subjects of various themes such as Death Note or Attack on Titan.
 The josei manga: is the female version of seinen. We can mention Citrus.
 Hentai is forbidden to under 18 years old, I'll let you guess why... 🔞
 THE ORIGINS OF MANGA
 The manga has its origins in the emaki, the first illustrated narrative scrolls dating from the
Nara period in the 8th century, and the Ehon, ukyo-e prints from the Edo period.
 In 1814, the famous painter Hokusai, best known for his work The Great Wave of
Kanagawa, used the word "manga" to refer to his sketchbooks. He had chosen this term to
express the notion of drawing taken from life. These collections of illustrations, called
"Hokusai manga", included scenes of daily life as well as landscapes, natural elements,
depictions of mythology and Japanese spirits. His works were a real success in Japan.
 The Western Influence on Japanese
Manga
 During the Meiji era, with the end of Japan's policy of isolation, Western influences
were very present in the country. This was the beginning of Japanese modernization,
which was inspired by the economic and industrial models of the West. Art and forms
of expression are evolving.

 European cartoonists such as Wirgman and Ferdinand Bigot were involved in the
emergence of comic strips in the Japanese press.
 The first real manga dates back to 1902. It was a humorous comic strip published on
the Jiji Shinpō Journal. Its author, Rakuten Kitazawa, had illustrated the theme of The
Sprinkler, the famous French short film by the Lumière brothers. He is the first to
reuse the term manga after Hokusai. On the other hand, the artist defines himself as a
mangaka.
 The first real manga dates back to 1902. It was a humorous comic
strip published on the Jiji Shinpō Journal. Its author, Rakuten
Kitazawa, had illustrated the theme of The Sprinkler, the famous
French short film by the Lumière brothers. He is the first to reuse
the term manga after Hokusai. On the other hand, the artist defines
himself as a mangaka.
 📈 EVOLUTION OF MANGA IN JAPAN
 In the 1940s, it was used for propaganda purposes by the Japanese government.

 It was only after the Second World War that the phenomenon exploded under the influence of
American comics. Indeed, manga represents a form of escape for the population who have to face
great difficulties. The talented illustrator Osamu Tezuka will strongly contribute to the manga
boom. 📈
 In addition, the mangaka is the author of many works on various subjects, such as The New Treasure
Island or Astro the Little Robot.

 He revolutionized the art of manga by drawing inspiration from cinema and different shots, framing
or angles of view. The author's touch is also recognizable by his characters with large, expressive
eyes that will later become the trademark of all manga. It's not for nothing that Osamu Tezuka is
nicknamed the god of manga in Japan.
 By the way, did you know that this great admirer of Walt Disney was inspired by Bambi for these
drawings? 😄
 🤑 The Rise of Japanese Comics
 In 1955, publishing began to multiply and comic book bookstores developed in Japan. While the manga
market is booming, it has been criticized for being a bit childish.

 Two years later, a new style was created for young adults that reflected darker realities. This is the gekiga
manga invented by Tatsumi Yoshihiro.

 The world of manga diversified and the phenomenon reached its peak at the end of the 20th century thanks
to a massive distribution. The subjects and styles are particularly varied and the prices are always very
modest.

 Finally, manga are commonly adapted into cartoons, the best known of which are Akira, Dragon Ball and
the animated films of the famous Hayao Myazaki such as Princess Mononoke or My Neighbor Totoro.

 Since the 2000s, the manga market has been a major part of the publishing industry and a major contributor
to Japan's economy. 💹
 ✍The profession of mangaka and its
specificities
 As you've probably guessed, the mangaka is a manga author. An artist with a
passion for Japanese comics, he usually creates both the story and the drawings.
Also, he designs a captivating universe and characters in the image of a
screenwriter.
 This profession is difficult to access, because in addition to the talent of a
draughtsman, it takes a lot of luck and determination to achieve it. The success of
the mangaka depends essentially on his publisher. It should be noted that before
being printed, the manga is broadcast in episodes in a pre-publication magazine
intended for the general public.
 The publishing rhythms are particularly intense and the illustrator must adapt to
the different requirements of his agency. Sometimes mangakas work together or
with assistants to increase their productivity.
 Depending on the success, the manga publisher decides whether to
publish the work in a volume or to stop the collaboration. The
future of the mangaka depends on this test.

 Some become very famous and enjoy a particularly honorable

salary.
 Ifyou are interested in this profession, do not hesitate to read
Bakuman, a manga by Tsugumi Ōba and Takeshi Obata which tells
the story of two middle school students to become mangaka.
 💬 The beginnings and evolution of
manga in France
 InFrance, manga first became known through cartoons, from the end of the
70s.

 Later, Dragon Ball and other manga aimed at teenagers appeared in

children's programs. The violent character that is totally unsuitable for the
target is often criticized. This is why the image of manga has not always
been positive in France.
 Itwas not until the publication of Katsuhiro Otomo's Akira and the
animated films of the famous Hayao Myazaki that the French public was
seduced again in the 90s.
 After triumphing in Japan, manga is experiencing a new boom in Europe. These Japanese
comics are a huge success in France, which becomes the largest consumer in the world
after Japan. 😍 In addition, Toriyama's Dragon Ball and Eiichiro Oda's One Piece far
surpassed Hergé's The Adventures of Tintin.

 Among the manga that have marked history, we can also mention Naruto by Kishimoto
Masashi which remains one of the most famous manga on the planet.
 An unavoidable phenomenon of narrative drawing, manga is distinguished by its
particular universe and its graphic codes very different from Western comics. Over the
centuries, he became an ambassador of Japanese culture around the world.