Hydrology and Water

Resources Management
CE-334
Stream flow Routing/Flood
Routing
Contents
Introduction
Uses of flood routing
Types of flood routing
Reservoir routing
Channel routing
Introduction to Flood Routing
• It is the technique of determining the flood
Hydrograph at a section of a river by utilizing the
data of flood flow at one or more upstream section
• It is the process of determining peak discharge at
stage of outflow hydrograph corresponding to a
known hydrograph
Introduction to Flood Routing
• Basic equation use in the flood routing is continuity
equation which is
Storage = inflow - outflow
I-Q = change in storage
• If we take two section of up stream then continuity
equation will become

(I1 + I2 )∆t/2 - (Q + Q2)∆t/2

1
Uses of Flood Routing
• In estimation of design flood
• In designing a reservoir
• In design of flood control structures
• In determining adequacy of spillway
• In study of flood wave
• In predicting the behavior of river after a change
has Ben done in channel section
Types of Flood Routing
There are two types of flood Routing
Reservoir routing
Channel routing
Reservoir Routing
• If flood wave is traveling from upstream to
downstream and pass through a Reservoir it is
called Reservoir routing
• When flood wave pass through a reservoir it
experiences changes
• Peak of discharge at upstream is greater than the
peak of discharge at downstream
• Depletion of peak is called the attenuation of peak
Reservoir Routing
• When wave passes through the Reservoir from
upstream to downstream then lengthening of time
accour. This lengthening of time is called lag time.
• During the rising of outflow hydrograph, inflow is
greater than outflow
• It built up the storage of Reservoir
• During recession of hydrograph outflowh is greater
than inflow
• It built a depletion of storage
Reservoir Routing
• Point where inflow meeta out flow is called point of
intersection. Discharge will be maximum at that
point
• Water stored on reservoir may discharge in two
ways. Controlled way and uncontrolled way.
• In controlled way, water flow through control gated,
pipes flow through turbines or any outlet flow.
• In un controlled way water move freely through
spillway
Reservoir Routing
• Discharge Q flow freely over the spillway depends
upon depth of outflow
• Rate of outflow Q depends upon the water surface
elevation in reservoir
Q= Q(h)
• Amount of storage also depends upon h
S=S(h)
• Q and S related to h it means that
S=f(Q)
Reservoir Routing
• It is the fundamental characteristics of a reservoir.
We requit S-Q relation along with continuity
equation
Channel Routing
• Study related to the movement of flood wave from
upstream to downstream passing through the
channel is called Channel Routing
• Flow in channel is gradually varying flow
• Storage in channel depends upon both inflow and
outflow
• In the length of reach different stages of channel
storqge accour
Channel Routing
Stage 1
• Consider there is no change in flow with space i.e
flow is uniform when there is no flood wave in
channel
• It means inflow=outflow
• Water surface elevation is parallel to the bed of
channel
• In this case storage is known as prism storage
Channel Routing
Channel Routing
Stage 2
• During the advancement of flood wave towards
upstream in this stage water surface elevation at
upstream is more than downstream water surface
elevation
• Additional storage is called aedge storage and it is
positive wedge because discharge rises in stream
Channel Routing
Stage 3
• When flood wave move towards downstream then
water surface elevation at down stream is higher
than the upstream
• It results in negative wedge storage
Stage 4
• When flood wave passes completely from stream it
results in zero wedge because positive wedge
cancel the effect of negative wedge
Channel Routing
• Then total storage will become equally to the prism
storage
• Prism storage is similar to the reservoir storage
S=f(Q)
• Wedge storage is not the function of Q it depends
upon the inflow so,
S=f(I)
Total storage is sum of prism storage + wedge storage
Channel Routing
• S = b/a [ xI^m/n + ( 1-x)Q^m/n]
Where
X= coefficient corresponding to inflow and outflow
a & n are coefficients corresponding to stage
discharge characteristics in channel
b & m are coefficients corresponding to average
stage volume