COURSE OUTLINE

• INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

(1820-1900)
a) Historical and cultural background
b) Program music
c) Piano music
d) Composers: Frederic Chopin, Peter Illych Tchaikovsky,
Franz Liszt, and Camille Saint-Saens
Objectives
• Describe musical elements of given
Romantic period pieces
• Appreciate the instrumental music of
Romantic Period
• Listen perceptively to selected Romantic
period music
 INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC OF THE
ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
ROMANTIC PERIOD
• This movement emphasized one’s emotion, imagination
and individualism.
• Musicians belonging to the Romantic period had the
chance to express themselves freely.
• Composers increased the use of dissonance and extended
chromatic in the melody and experimented on the
creation of new ways to produce sounds using existing
musical instruments.
 COMPOSERS DURING ROMANTIC
PERIOD
• Berloiz
• Brahms
• Chopin
• Grieg
• Liszt
• Mendelssohn
• Schubert
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
• Absolute or Non-program Music- It is an
instrumental music written without program
intention. It is music written for its own
sake.
• Incidental Music- It is a type of music
intended for, before and during a stage play
performance to set the mood for most
scenes and to highlight dramatic action.
• Program Music- It is a new development
during Romantic period which is associated
with a story and poem.
• Program Symphony- It is an instrumental
composition in several movements based to
some extent on a literary or pictorial idea.
• Symphonic Poem- It is one-movement
orchestral composition based to some extent
literary or pictorial idea.
Musical Elements in the Romantic
Period
• In 1844, Hector Berloiz wrote a “Treatise
in Modern Instrumentation and
Orchestration.” This book signifies the
recognition of orchestration as an art.
• Romantic music puts unprecedented emphasis
on individuality of style and self-expression.
• Composers of the Romantic period used a
more noticeable application of chromatic
harmony, or the use of chords with tones
not found in the current major or minor
scale.
HOW IS THE ROMANTIC
PERIOD MUSIC RELATED
TO ITS HISTORICAL
AND CULTURAL
BACKGROUND?
• As a result of changes in
social and political
standards of the 18th
century, Romantic era
music was formed. The
Romantic era swayed away
from the classical era by
allowing artistic freedom
and experimentation.
Melodious music became a
dominant characteristics of
music and it became very
expressive.
 WHAT ARE THE
CHARACTERISTIC
FEATURES OF
INSTRUMENTAL
ROMANTIC MUSIC?
National Identity
Surrender to nature
Mystic and
supernatural
A longing for the
infinite
Strange
Surprising
Subjectivism
 Dissonance
Chromaticism
What were the performance practices
during the Romantic Period?
Romantic music composers
found themselves
essentially compelled to
use sharp contrasts.
This may be found in the
use of dynamics as
composers sought to
include expressiveness in
their composition through
the abrupt changes in the
volume of musical
composition.
• Romantic Art Song is a musical composition
for solo voice and piano.
• The mood of an art song is often set by
brief piano introduction and summed up at
the end by piano section called a postlude.
• Strophic refers to the form when there is a
repetition of the same music for each
stanza of a poem.
• Through-composed is the form when a
composer writes a new music for each
stanza of a poem.
• Lied is a Romantic Art Song with German
content.
Characteristics and techniques of
the romantic performance:
• Accelerando refers to a slight speeding up
of the tempo.
• Ritardando pertains to a slight slowing down
of the tempo.
• Rubato is the slight holding back or pressing
forward of tempo used to exaggerate the
expression of the music.
• Thematic transformation pertains to the
altering of the character of a melody by
changes in dynamics, orchestration or
rhythm.
 Simplicity is the final
achievement. After one
has played a vast quantity
of notes and more notes,
it is simplicity that
emerges as the crowning
reward of art.
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