LEGAL, ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUE

What is a copyright?
COPYRIGHT
It is a law that gives media owners the rights to copy
and distribute the products they create. It is a legal right of
the owner of intellectual property and a legal means of
protecting their work. Finally, it protects the contents of the
books, poems, plays, songs, films, artwork, websites and
other online contents.
 Purpose of Copyright Law

The basic purposes of copyright are to promote the

progress of useful arts and science, to cover concrete forms
of original work like art, music or films and the like, and to
give the owner the right to sell, publish or reproduce any
literary piece.
 Copyright Rules
The major rules of copyright are the following:

1. Do not use work of other people without their permission

like texts from learning resources, computers, tape
recorders, VCRs, and other resources from the Internet.
Use a release form that will protect you against legal issues
and gives you permission to use the video of the person for
commercial and non-commercial purposes.
 Copyright Rules
2. You have the right to video from public places, but not at
private places such as someone's home or business,
without a signed release.
3. If you use audio of others, you must obtain a license to
use the audio before incorporating it into your video.
Another option is to use buyout music for unlimited use.
 Copyright Rules

4. If you use video clips or photos owned by others, you

should obtain permission from the owner.

5. Be sure to place a copyright notice on your video

informing the public that you own your video.
 Infringement Violation of Copyright

If someone infringes your copyright, you will have legal

grounds to pursue the person to pay you for a license, or
compensate you for financial loss. If they are using your
work without your knowledge, you have the rights to stop
them or demand for compensation for the earnings they
made using your work.
 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
 It refers to the creations of the mind, such as inventions,
literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names and
images used in business.

 It is protected by laws specific to the expression of

ideas.
Purpose of intellectual Property Rights
 It encourages new creations such as technology,
artwork, and inventions for economic growth.

 It increases the incentives for individuals to continue

creating new things that provide job opportunities.

 It provides the creators protection for original works and

inventions.
 Types of Intellectual Property Rights
1. Patent protects a product from being created, sold, or
used by another person without permission.
2. Trademark is a sign allowing the consumers to identify
the particular goods or services that a company provides.
3. Trade secrets are confidential data of a business like
formulas, strategies, or other information for unauthorized
commercial use.
 FAIR USE
Fair use is defined as a legal concept that allows the
reproduction of copyrighted material for certain purposes
without obtaining permission and without paying a fee. It is
copying of copyrighted material done for a limited and
transformative purpose. It is designed to ensure that the
rights of copyright holders are properly balanced.
It provides for the legal, unlicensed citation or
incorporation of copyrighted material in another author's
work under a test.
 PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism refers to an act or instance of using the

language and thoughts of other authors without
authorization. It is copying the words or ideas of others
without giving them credit.
 Types of Plagiarism
1. Direct plagiarism - is the word-for-word transcription of
someone else’s work, without attribution and without
quotation marks.

2. Mosaic plagiarism- reuses a mix of words, phrases,

and ideas from a source without indicating which words and
ideas have been borrowed and/or without properly citing the
source.
 Types of Plagiarism
3. Self-plagiarism- occurs when a student submits his
previous work, or mixes parts of previous works for
assignments in different classes without previous
permission from both professors.

4. Accidental plagiarism- occurs when a person neglects

to cite their sources, or misquotes their sources or
unintentionally paraphrases a source using similar words, or
sentence structure.
 DIGITAL DIVIDE

Digital divide is an economic inequality between

groups in terms of access to use or knowledge of
technology. The term doesn't necessarily mean that
someone doesn't have technology, but it could mean that
there is simply a difference in technology.
 Three Types of Digital Divide
The Digital Divide refers to the gap between
populations that have access to modern information and
communication technologies, and those that have restricted
access or none at all. Technologies can include computers,
televisions, the Internet, and mobile devices that have
changed the way we interact with the world.
Examples of this issue are high-quality computers, fast
Internet connection, technical assistance, or telephone
services.
 Three Types of Digital Divide
1. Gender Divide. It describes the difference between men
and women in society.

2. Social Divide. It refers to the patterns of division in

society that are associated with membership of particular
social group.
 Three Types of Digital Divide
3. Universal Access Divide. It refers to individuals living
with physical disabilities, who are often disadvantaged
when it comes to accessing the internet. They may have
necessary skills but cannot exploit the available hardware
and software.
 ADDICTION

ADDICTION- is defined as an over dependence on

something. It is a damaging need to do something.
 DIGITAL ADDICTION
Digital addiction means the extreme use of digitals
that already interferes with the daily life. It is related to
technology addiction which is the frequent and obsessive
technology-related behavior. An over-dependence on
technology brings impact to the students' lives such as
psychological issues like depression. Besides affecting
users' mental health, it can cause vision problems, hearing
loss, and neck strain.
 One reason why users turn to digital addition is lack of
emotional support. Even stress and unhappiness can result
to Internet addiction.
 Types of Addiction
1. Cybersex Addiction is a habitual use of Internet
pornography, adult chat rooms, or adult fantasy role-play
sites affecting negatively on real-life intimate relationships.

2.Cyber-relationship Addiction is an addiction to social

networking, chat rooms, texting, and messaging to the point
where virtual, online friends become more important than
real-life relationships with family and friends.
 Types of Addiction
3. Net Compulsions- refer to compulsive online gaming,
gambling, stock trading, or compulsive use of online auction
sites resulting to financial and job-related problems.
4. Information Overload- is a compulsive Web surfing
or database searching that may cause poor work
productivity and less social interaction with family and
friends.
5. Computer Addiction- is an obsessive playing of off-
line computer games or computer programming.
 BULLYING

BULLYING- refers to an abuse and mistreatment of

someone helpless by someone stronger, and more
powerful.
 Types of Bullying
1. Physical Bullying includes hitting, kicking or ousting
that can cause both short term or long term damage.
2. Verbal Bullying involves name calling, insults, teasing,
intimidation, racist remarks or verbal abuse.
3. Social Bullying refers to secret bullying that is often
harder to recognize. It is designed to harm someone’s
social reputation and/or cause humiliation.
 Types of Bullying
4. Cyber Bullying refers to the harm inflicted through the
use of computers, phones and other electronic device.
refer to a form of bullying using cell phones, computers,
social media sites, text messages, chats, or websites that is
intended to hurt others. Cyber bullying can cause emotional
and psychological distress. Cyber bullied kids experience
anxiety, fear, depression, and low self-esteem. Under “Anti
Cyber-Bullying Act of 2015,” cyber-bullies shall face a
penalty of fines or imprisonment between six months and
six years, or both.
 OTHER FORMS OF SOCIAL ISSUES
1. Child Pornography- is a form of child sexual abuse
relative to visual description of sexually explicit conduct
involving a minor. Images of child pornography are also
child sexual abuse images that are prohibited by a law in
which a violator may face a serious crime.

2. Cybersex- is called internet or virtual sex in which

two or more people connected in the internet send each
other sexually explicit contents.
 3. Cyber Defamation is a false statement, which tends to
harm the reputation of a person or the company. An
example of defamation is spreading lies about a public
figure that destroys career.
4. Identity theft is use of someone else’s identity to gain
a financial disadvantage or obtain credit or benefits in the
person’s name.
5. Phishing is to obtain information such as usernames,
passwords, and credit card details for malicious reasons in
an electronic communication