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-IN
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 SPEECH
ARTS - AN
OVERVIEW
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 CONCEPTS
OF SPEECH
AND
COMMUNICA
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TION
 Speech
 Speech is specifically a verbal means of
communicating. This distinguishes it from non-
verbal forms of communicating such as written
communication or body language. Speech involves
the vocalizing of specific sounds called phonemes.
Every language has specific phonemes that make
sound for that language.
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 Example
“r” in Spanish
 caro (expensive)
 carro (car)

 pero (but)
 perro (dog)
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 Communication
 Communication is a process of exchanging ideas and needs.
This process involves encoding, transmitting, and decoding.
Encoding is the process of taking a concept identifying a
word that is associated with it. If a person has in their mind a
barking animal they may think of the word “dog.”
Transmitting is sharing the concept through the use of
language. This is when the person says “dog” verbally.
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 Communication
 Decoding is this process in reverse and is done
by the receiver. The receiver hears the word
“dog” and he translates this into a barking
animal in his mind. All of this happens in a split
second every day in many peoples lives.
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 CONTEXT OF
COMMUNICA
TION
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 Intrapersonal
 This is the act of communicating with one’s self. In
this case, the two parties would be you and your
mind. You would agree that there are times you find
yourself muttering words or probably having an
inner argument with yourself about that tweet you
saw or the post on Facebook.
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 Interpersonal
 This is defined as communication between two
people. Communication in this instance is not
limited to speaking alone, it includes gestures,
facial expressions, writing, reading, chatting,
and even the use of emojis.
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 Group
 A vast majority of people may not be big
fans of group communication and this is
because it involves more than two people
and as such, it requires some level of
maturity to effectively achieve true
communication.
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 Public
 More often than not, public communication is
mistaken for group communication. Public
communication occurs when a party does
most of the talking and the other party just
listens actively.
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 Mass
 This is a form of communication that does not
discriminate. However, to be exact, this is the
type of communication where the primary aim
is to pass across vital information to a
community of people.
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 MODES OF
COMMUNICA
TION
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 Interpretive
 This communication mode is also referred to as “one-way
communication”. In interpretive communication mode, the
details and information that the sender conveys are
interpreted by the receiver in its original form without any
alterations. The target’s role is to understand the message in
both spoken and written forms while keeping various
aspects in mind.
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 Interpretive
 Some major highlights of interpretative communication are:
 Learners start with understanding, interpreting, and analyzing the
details that they hear, read, or view on various topics.
 This communication model involves interpreting the intents of the
author or the producer.
 There is currently no alternative available to active negotiations of
the meanings with the speakers, writers, or the producers.
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 Interpersonal
 This communication mode is the process in which
people exchange data and information via verbal
and non-verbal messages. This is not a mediated
communication mode, occurring when anyone
interacts or attempts to influence one another
mutually to manage the relationships.
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 Interpersonal
 Even though the interpersonal communication
mode can involve written, oral, and non-verbal
communication forms, this term is applied only and
mainly to the spoken communication taking place
between two or more individuals on a personal or
face-to-face level.
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 Interpersonal
 Here is a list of examples that interpersonal
communication involves:
 Text messages
 Emails
 Debates
 Interactive sessions
 Telephonic conversations
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 Personal Interviews
 Presentational
 This is the other one-way communication mode that
facilitates the interpretation by members of any other
group where there is no direct opportunity for active
negotiations of the said and understood meanings between
members of any two groups. With this communication
mode, a person speaks to the audience after being
rehearsed, scripted, or pre-prepared.
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 Presentational
 Some major highlights of presentational communication
are given below:
 For ensuring that the intended audience successfully
interprets the presenters’ needs and the presenter is well-
versed with the language and culture of the audience.
 There is no direct opportunity for engagement with a larger
audience base in this communication mode.
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 COMMUNICA
TION
PROCESS
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 Communication Process
 The term communication process refers to the exchange of
information (a message) between two or more people. For
communication to succeed, both parties must be able to
exchange information and understand each other. If the
flow of information is blocked for some reason or the
parties cannot make themselves understood, then
communication fails.
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 Sender
 The communication process begins with the sender, who is
also called the communicator or source. The sender has
some kind of information — a command, request, question,
or idea — that he or she wants to present to others. For that
message to be received, the sender must first encode the
message in a form that can be understood.
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 Receiver
The person to whom a message is directed is
called the receiver or the interpreter. To
comprehend the information from the sender,
the receiver must first be able to receive the
sender's information and then decode or
interpret it.
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 Message
 The message or content is the information that the
sender wants to relay to the receiver. Additional
subtext can be conveyed through body language and
tone of voice. Put all three elements
together — sender, receiver, and message — and you
have the communication process at its most basic.
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 Medium
Also called the channel, the medium is the
means by which a message is transmitted.
Text messages, for example, are transmitted
through the medium of cell phones.
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 Feedback
 The communication process reaches its final point when
the message has been successfully transmitted, received,
and understood. The receiver, in turn, responds to the
sender, indicating comprehension. Feedback may be
direct, such as a written or verbal response, or it may take
the form of an act or deed in response (indirect).
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 Other Factors
 The communication process isn't always so simple or
smooth, of course. These elements can affect how
information is transmitted, received, and interpreted:
 Noise: This can be any sort of interference that affects the
message being sent, received, or understood. It can be as
literal as static over a phone line or radio or as esoteric as
misinterpreting a local custom.
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 Other Factors
 Context: This is the setting and situation in which
communication takes place. Like noise, context can have an
impact on the successful exchange of information. It may have a
physical, social, or cultural aspect to it. In a private conversation
with a trusted friend, you would share more personal
information or details about your weekend or vacation, for
example, than in a conversation with a work colleague or in a
meeting.
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