How to Interpret your regression output in management PhD

research
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Phdassistance
Group www.phdassistance.com
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Introduction
Regression Analysis: An Overview

• Regression analysis is a statistical tool for modelling and analyzing variable relationships. The primary purpose of regression
analysis is to estimate the values of one variable (the dependent variable) using the values of other variables (the independent
variables). The following are some important characteristics of regression analysis:

• Dependent variable • Independent variables

• Regression model • Model fitting

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• Coefficients: Look at the coefficients of the independent variables. These represent the estimated impact of
each independent variable on the dependent variable, holding other variables constant. A positive coefficient
indicates a positive relationship, while a negative coefficient suggests a negative relationship.

• Significance Levels (p-values): Check the p-values associated with each coefficient. A low p-value (typically
below 0.05) indicates that the variable is statistically significant. If a p-value is high, it suggests that you cannot
reject the null hypothesis that the variable does not affect the dependent variable.

• R-squared Value: Examine the R-squared value, which represents the proportion of the variance in the
dependent variable explained by the independent variables. A higher R-squared indicates a better fit of the
model to the primary data collection.
• Adjusted R-squared: This value adjusts the R-squared for the number of predictors in the model. It's often
considered a more reliable measure when comparing models with different numbers of predictors.

• F-statistic: The F-statistic tests the overall significance of the logistic regression model. A low p-value for the
F-statistic indicates that at least one independent variable is significantly related to the dependent variable.

• Residuals Analysis: Examine the residuals (the differences between the observed and predicted values). A well-
fitted model should have residuals that are randomly distributed and show no pattern. Patterns in residuals
might suggest that the model is missing some explanatory variables.
• Multicollinearity: Check for multicollinearity among independent variables. High correlation between
independent variables can make it difficult to isolate the individual effect of each variable.

• Heteroscedasticity: Assess whether the variance of the residuals is constant across all levels of the independent
variables. Heteroscedasticity could indicate that the model's assumptions are not met.

• Normality of Residuals: Verify that the residuals are normally distributed. You can use quantitative statistical
tests or visual inspections (like a Q-Q plot) for this purpose.

• Substantive Significance: Beyond statistical significance, consider the practical or managerial significance of
your findings. Even if a variable is statistically significant, it may not be practically significant.

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About PhD Assistance

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