REVIEWER IN

LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

INTER-AGENCY APPROACH

Presented by:
Dhine Romualdo
 THE CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

• Definition
Organization is a system of coordinating activities of a group of
people working in a concerted manner towards a common goal
under authority and leadership.
It is a system of coordinated activities means that all organizations
are composed of parts and relationships. The parts o the
organizations are the activities or functions being performed and
they are organized when they assumed certain logical relationships.
FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS

Authority
Mutual Cooperation/Coordination/Consultation
Doctrine
Discipline
 Authority
This is the supreme source of
government for any particular
organization. It is the right exercise
to decide and command by virtue of
rank and position.
 Mutual Cooperation/Coordination/Consultation

An organization exists because it serves a

purpose. This purpose is viewed by society as
beneficial to it. This becomes the social
legitimacy for the organization to perform its
functions in the society. It constitutes
recognition by an agreement with the public on
the rationality of its existence.
 Doctrine
This defines the organization’s objectives. It
also provides the very source of various actions
which are performed to assure organizational
coordination. Hence, policies, procedures, rules
and regulations or organizations are based on
statements of doctrine.
 Discipline
In any organization, discipline is necessary to
promote coordination. Understood as comprising
behavioral regulations, it is impose either by
command or self-restraint to insure supportive
behavior from people composing the organization. In
other words, discipline is derived negatively from
voluntary personal commitment to organizational
objectives.
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

Principle of Unity of Objective

Principle of Organizational Efficiency
The Scalar Principles
Functional Principle
Line and Staff Principle
Directorial Staff Principle
Principle of Balance
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

Principle of Delegation by Results Expected

Principle of Absoluteness of Responsibility
Principle of Parity of Authority and Responsibility
Authority-Level Principle
Principle of Flexibility
Principle of Leadership Facilitation
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

Principle of Unity of Objective – an organization

structure is effective if it enables individuals to
contribute to the organization/unit objectives.
Principle of Organizational Efficiency – an
organization structure is effective if it is structured to
aid the accomplishment of the organization’s objectives
with a minimum of unsought consequences or costs.
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

The Scalar Principles – prescribes the

vertical hierarchy of organizations. It defines
an unbroken chain or scale of units from top
to bottom describing explicitly the flow of
authority. Its principle demands the following
conditions to achieve effective coordination.
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

Cont..(THE SCALAR PRINCIPLES)

1. Unity of Command- it clearly defines hierarchical system a subordinate is accountable to one and
only one immediate superior. This is indispensable to achieve effective coordination. Any violation to
this principle undermines authority, jeopardizes discipline, disturbs order and threatens stability in
the organization.
2. Span of Control- this relates to the number of subordinates a superior can effectively supervise.
There is no determinate mathematical ratio in superior-subordinate relationships. A satisfactory
span of control is instead determine for four factors combined situationally:
1. managerial ability of superior
2. effectiveness of organizational communication system
3. effectiveness of management control exercise over operations
4. organizational philosophy on centralization versus decentralization of authority and functions.
3. Delegation of Authority- the process is accomplished through the delegation of authority. Scalar
process refers to the growth of the chain of command resulting in the creation of additional levels
in the organizational structure. Span of control necessitates delegation of authority.
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

Functional Principle. It prescribes the horizontal growth of the

organization. The growth referred to here is applicable to the line as
well as to the emergence of staff functions in organizations. The
dynamic foundation of the functional process is called the division
of labor. It simply means the breaking up of work into work units to
achieve specialization. As organization grows, the job must be
divided so that it won’t become so inclusive to an extent that it
could hardly be performed. Such division must be defined to
identify clear areas of specialization. The reason for the division of
work is to improve the operational performance of the organization.
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

 Line and Staff Principle. Organizations must provide an orderly

arrangement of functions so that objectives can be accomplished
effectively. The line and staff principle provides two basic structures in
organization- the line structure and staff structure. This implies a system
of varied functions arranged into a workable pattern. Line organizations
refer to the direct accomplishment of objectives. The staff on the other
hand, refers to the organizations who is in an advisory or facilitative
capacity. Those having relatively unlimited authority over those to
whom orders are given are considered line officials while those having
authority restricted to their functional area are called staff officials.
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

Directorial Staff Principle. It prescribes the directorial

authority of the directorate in the national and regional
headquarters levels and other equivalent units.

Principle of Balance. In every structure there is a need

for balance. The application of principles or techniques
must be balanced to ensure the overall effectiveness of the
structure in meeting organization objectives.
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

Principle of Delegation by Results Expected. Authority

delegated to all individual managers should be adequate
to ensure their ability to accomplish results expected.

Principle of Absoluteness of Responsibility. The

responsibility of subordinates to their superiors for
performance is absolute, and superiors cannot escape
responsibility for the organization activities of their
subordinates.
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

Principle of Parity of Authority and Responsibility.

The responsibility for actions cannot be greater than the
implied by the authority delegated, nor should it be less.

Authority-Level Principle. Maintenance of intended

delegation requires that decisions within the authority of
individual commander should be made by them and not
be referred upward in the organizational structure.
 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

Principle of Flexibility. The more provisions are made for

building flexibility in an organizational structure, the more
adequately an organizations structure can fulfill its purpose.

Principle of Leadership Facilitation. The more an

organization structure and its delegation of authority enable
leaders/commanders to design and maintain an environment
for performance the more they will help the leadership
abilities of those leaders/commanders.
Broad Bases of Organizations

Area basis
Function basis
Clientele basis
Work process basis
Contingency basis
 ORGANIZATION ON AREA BASIS

Organization according to plan is defined as

the grouping of subordinate units or
elements under a commanders who is made
responsible by higher authority for some
continuing operations within a specified
geographic area.
 ORGANIZATION ON AREA BASIS
The following are reasons for organizing an Area Basis

1. To provide centralized direction among units within the area;

2. To provide a medium or coordination between higher levels of the
command and the command organization itself in the area;
3. To establish specific responsibility of the commander;
4. To maximize coverage of the overall command, thus enabling it to
accomplish its missions and functions more effectively; and
5. To serve as an integrated force for all units within the area.
 ORGANIZATION ON FUNCTIONS BASIS

Organization according to function is

defined as the grouping together of
subordinate units or elements under a
commander who is charged with specific
functions without respect to any
geographic area.
 ORGANIZATION ON FUNCTIONS BASIS

The following are reasons for Organizing on Functions Basis

1. To obtain expeditious performance of a given task or solution to a
given problem without restriction to a given geographic area;
2. To achieve concerted actions toward the accomplishment of
objectives by avoiding overlapping or duplication of functions;
3. To fix responsibility to a specific functional area; and
4. To effect proper coordination for specialized logistics support
required for particular operations.
 ORGANIZATION ON CLIENTELE
BASIS
The following are reasons for Organizing on a Clientele Basis:

1. To concentrate on a specific service required by client;

2. To fix responsibility of commander;
3. To make the organization more wieldy to its assigned task.
 ORGANIZATION ON THE BASIS OF WORK PROCESSES

Organization on the basis of work

processes means the grouping
together of subordinate units or
elements primarily trained to
practice a given or related jobs.
 ORGANIZATION ON THE BASIS OF WORK PROCESSES

The following are reasons for Organizing on the basis of Work Processes:

1. To maximize utilization of up-to-date skill derived from training;

2. To obtain more effective coordination as a result of homogeneous training and
skills; and
3. To make the organization more wieldy to its assigned task.
 ORGANIZATION ON THE BASIS OF CONTINGENCY

Organization on the Basis of Contingency

means the creation of a contingent small
unit in a short term period comprising the
organic elements tactically organized to
address a specific situation or phenomenon
occurring in the area of responsibility.
 ORGANIZATION ON THE BASIS OF CONTINGENCY

The following are reasons for Organizing on the Basis of

Contingency:

1.To maximize utilization of existing elements whose expertise or

technical knowledge are needed and applicable;
2.To obtain facts and immediate solution of the existing problem
by which the unit was tactically organized; and
3.To support generally the organization of various basis as
mentioned above.
 APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES
The primary concerns in organizing command organization are:
1.determination of specific activities that are necessary to accomplish
the pre-determined objectives; and
2.Grouping and assigning the activities to specific positions and
people.

A sound command organization should provide for:

3.Centralized direction;
4.Decentralized execution; and
5.A common doctrine
 The CHAIN OF COMMAND
A unit director exercises his authority and
responsibility through a “chain of command”.
A chain of command is consists of different
levels as follow:
1.Top Echelon
2.Middle Echelon
3.Lower Echelon
 The CHAIN OF COMMAND
Top Echelon- the topmost level where the
overall responsibility and authority
whereby subordinate commands and units
are placed. The command group composed
of the CPNP, DCA DCO and the TCDS
constitute the top echelon in the PNP.
 The CHAIN OF COMMAND
Middle Echelon- the next lower echelon constitutes such
subordinate command units apportioned by the commander in
order to accomplish his tasks. The national support units,
regional, provincial, city, district police offices compose the
middle echelon. This echelon is further categorized below:
a. Top Middle Echelon – NSUs/Regional Offices
b. Intermediary Middle Echelon - Provincial/City Police Offices
c. Lower Middle Echelon – Provincial/City District Offices
 The CHAIN OF COMMAND
Lower Echelon – the lower echelon
is comprised of the subordinate units
further apportioned by subordinate
commanders, such as the city and
municipal police stations.
 GUIDELINES IN STRUCTURING COMMAND ORGANIZATIONS

1. Division of Work – refers to the breaking up work or function

into its fundamental component part to increase specialization at
the lower levels of command.
2. Goal Orientation – the grouping of functions should be oriented
towards the accomplishment of the goals of the organization.
3. Levels of Authority – levels of authority should be minimal if
possible so that the chain of command will be shortened.
4. Simplicity – an organization must be structured simply to be
lean and mean.
 GUIDELINES IN STRUCTURING COMMAND ORGANIZATIONS

5. Unity of Command – means that a subordinate is responsible only one

commander and orders that come from the top echelon must be the same orders to
be passed on the lowest echelon in the organization. It is important that only one
man be in complete command of each situation and that only one man be in direct
command or supervision of each officer.

6. Responsibility and Authority – areas of responsibility should be clearly defined

and the location of authority logically established at every level in the organization.

7.Span of Control – the ability of one man to direct, coordinate and control
immediate subordinates. There are two kinds of span of control- broad and limited
span of control.
 GUIDELINES IN STRUCTURING COMMAND ORGANIZATIONS

8. Balance and Symmetry – balance and symmetry in organizational structuring should

be observed consistent with the other principles or organization.

9. Equality – responsibility comes when there is a commensurate authority and vice versa
to specify limits so that abuse of power of authority will be prevented.

10. Homogeneity – homogeneous or similar grouping of work should give way to

necessary division where grouping will result in placing together works which by their
nature are incompatible

11.Duplication and overlap – overlapping of function of work and duties should

continually be avoided because of responsibility of several units, actually results to
responsibility of no one.
ORGANIZATIONAL TERMINOLOGY

 Chief Superintendent (Chief of Police)

 Senior Superintendent (Deputy Chief)
 Superintendent (Division Chief)
 Chief Inspector (Assistant Division Chief)
 Senior Inspector (Section Chief)
 Inspector (Unit Chief)
 Senior Police Officer (Shift In Charge)
 Police Officer (Patrol Officer/Detective)
 TITLES OF ORGANIZATIONAL
UNITS
Functional Units: Functional divisions of the department are described in
the following terms:

1. Bureau- the largest organic unit within a large department. Each

bureau is comprised of a number of divisions.
2. Division- a primary subdivision of a bureau or of the chief. A division
has a department-wide function either for general police service or for
specialized activity.
3. Section- functional units within a division.
4. Unit- when further specialization is needed, the section can be divided
further into units.
 TITLES OF ORGANIZATIONAL
UNITS
5. Territorial Units- territorial divisions of the department are described as follows:
•
Post- a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty, such as an intersection or crosswalk for
traffic duty; a spot or location for general duty, observation and surveillance or for the apprehension of a wanted
person or about to commit a crime; or the designated desk or office.
Route- a length of street or streets, designated for patrol purposes. A route is most frequently used for
assignment of traffic officers or assignment for foot patrol officers.
Beat- an area, in contrast to a route, assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or motorized. It is also
sometimes used for the assignment of motorized traffic officers instead of a route.
Sector- an area containing two or more beats, routes or posts. The squad of officers assigned to a sector is
headed by a sergeant.
District- a geographical subdivision of the city for patrol purposes usually with its own station. A district is
usually headed by a captain.
Area - a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of a designated districts headed by an area
commander.
THE LAW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM
THE TERM POLICE
• The term POLICE derived from the word
“POLITIA”, meaning condition of a state,
government, and administration. POLITIA
originated from the Greek words “Politeia”
which means government, citizenship, or
the entire activity of a police.
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE (LAW ENFORCEMENT)

• Historians believe that law enforcement began unnoticed. It started

in the protection of the interest of the families, clans, tribes, and
finally ends up in nations or states. Law enforcement certainly had
its beginning in the last centuries of pre-history. Early man felt the
need to protect his territory, that formalized methods of community
protection became necessary. As early as 7,000 BC, farming
communities in Jarmo and Iraq, its general protection and as well
as the enforcement of each “rules’ was probably the responsibility of
each individual. Many law enforcement books termed it as SELF-
POLICING METHOD.
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE (LAW ENFORCEMENT)

• As population increases the concept of “self-policing” proved

inadequate and so deteriorated. Apparently, the folkways and
mores were not being complied with; thus they become ineffectual
as a means of “SOCIAL CONTROL”. Scholars attributed to the
Babylonian King Hammurabi, the set of codified laws, known as
the “Code of Hammurabi”. All violators of the said law were
apprehended and punished. It was considered that the Code of
Hammurabi is the FOUNDATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT NOT
ONLY OF LAW BUT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT.
 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE (LAW ENFORCEMENT)

Similar development occurred in Ancient China during the SHANG

DYNASTY, it was established and maintained by an organized military authority.
But later on a written code was then spread all over the world.
But the term “law enforcer” originated in ROME, during the time of the
Roman Empire (from about100 BC to 200 AD). The city limits are guarded by
Roman soldiers carefully selected by the commander of the city garrison under
the authority of Caesar from the Roman Legion called the CENTURIONS whose
main task is to maintain internal peace and order, to arrest all violators of law,
and to defend and protect the city of Rome. The “Centurions” were recognized as
the exclusive authority task with the peace and order in the city (they are used
and regarded as both military and paramilitary units for policing purposes.).
 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE (LAW ENFORCEMENT)

There is some evidence that in about 100 AD, the Romans established
the first investigative units in Western History, known as
FRUMENTARII. The Frumentarii had three (3) principal duties, they
are: (1) Supervising grain distribution to Rome’s needy; (2) Oversee the
personal delivery of messages among government officials; (3) Detect
crime and prosecute offenders. From then on, almost all nations
throughout the world adopted the effective method of maintaining
internal peace and order in a given community by designating law
enforcers, who they initially called PEACE OFFICERS now commonly
known as POLICE OFFICERS.
 POLICE DEVELOPMENT IN ANGLO-EUROPEAN SOCIETY

After the Roman empire crumbled, the continent was an array of fragmented
people attempting to maintain some sort of identity. The leadership of Rome
gone and small nations began to form. The desire of most was additional
territory, wealth and power, which resulted to conflict, war and death and
misery. Many families migrated in various directions. England prospered
during that time, groups formed in a small settlement called TUNS. For
protection, the principle of “HUE AND CRY” was originated. These concept
required able-bodied man to help in the chase and apprehension of law
breakers. Failure to take part could force payment of restitution or
punishment. This method of maintaining peace & order prevailed until the 17th
Century.
THE FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM
This was the progenitor of the TITHING SYSTEM that
required every freeman above twelve years old to belong to a group of
ten families (a tithing) for the purpose of maintaining the peace and
harmony of the community. The head was the chief TITHINGMAN,
elected from the ten families. This maintains peace and harmony;
apprehend and punishes offenders by established customs and laws.
The tithing was called a hundred headed by a REEVE.
Several hundred formed a SHIRE headed by SHIRE-REEVE (where
the word SHERIFF was derived). But later on, the system becomes
inadequate due to the increased of population.
 EARLY FOUNDATIONS OF ANGLO-AMERICAN POLICE

With the conquest of England, the pendulum swung

away from community responsibility for maintaining
peace, as it was established towards the concept of
“State Responsibility”. During this period comes the
STABULI (constable) into being. His duties were
actually to assist the SHIRE REEVE in his duties
and to maintain the weapons of the shire.
 EARLY FOUNDATIONS OF ANGLO-AMERICAN POLICE

King Edward 1 made an authentic attempt to establish a

bonafide POLICE ORGANIZATION. The Statute of Winchester
enacted in 1285 replaced the pledge system with a domestic
security called WATCH and WARD. The origin of the word
police can be traced to either the Greek word POLIS meaning
city, or the Roman word POLITES, meaning CITIZEN. The
GENESIS of POLICE CONTROL AND CRIME PREVENTION
through curfews, physical security, & vice control lies with
EDUARD 1.
 EARLY FOUNDATIONS OF ANGLO-AMERICAN POLICE

Many forms of peacekeeping initiatives had been

introduced based on the different principles and
adaptation. The Night Watch system, the Justice of the
Peace, the Court of the Star Chamber, Merchant Police,
Parochial Police, Military Police (after civil war between
South and North America), and the Bow Street Runner
are some of the system of policing that evolved in the
development of POLICE SERVICE.
BEGINNING OF THE MODERN POLICING SYSTEM

• As early as 1636, Boston started to adopt a Night watch system

followed by Philadelphia in 1700, Philadelphia in 1833 established
the first day time paid police. Five years later, Boston followed.
Crime problems and subsequent police remedies instituted by said
states were very much the same as those in England. In 1829, Sir
Robert Peel, introduced an Act in Parliament that establishes
the Metropolitan Police of London. This police Force served as a
model for later American Police forces. Colonial Americans adopted
the English offices of sheriff and constables.
BEGINNING OF THE MODERN POLICING SYSTEM

• In United States, areas outside the cities were likewise

becoming more populated, and the need for protection
service was apparent. Thus the state governments were
pressed for a remedy. The TEXAS RANGERS were
established in 1835 in response to these needs which later
becomes a law enforcement arm. On 1865, Massachusetts
and Connecticut organized varieties of state law
enforcement. In 1905, Pennsylvania established a force that
becomes a model of later state police organizations.
 BEGINNING OF THE MODERN POLICING SYSTEM

• But prior to this, the United State Marshal was the first law enforcement
officer in the Federal Government, created by Judiciary Act of September 14,
1789. In 1865 also, legislation was passed to create the Secret Service within
the Treasury Department to handle counterfeiting currency violations, but
after the assassination of President McKinley in 1901, the secret service was
assigned informally to protect the President of the United States. With the
passing of time other Federal law enforcement evolved. The forerunner of the
FBI was organized in 1908, and considered a product of reorganization in
1924 under the directorship of J. Edgar Hoover. Later, other enforcement
bodies in the federal government was created, like the Drug Enforcement
Administration, Internal Revenue Service, and Border Patrol to name a few.
 THE EPITOME OF POLICE SERVICE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Police functions originated from human society of family life to the

most developed trend of family group like states and nations. In
the Philippines, negrito tribes, tagbanuas and other clans have
their own family rules and regulations which are to be followed by
every member composing the clans. Like the head of any nation,
their desire is to have a peaceful community in order for them to
live harmoniously. That system or method of preserving harmony
among the individuals of the group is the basis of creating our
present police system, not only here in the Philippines but in all
civilized nations in the world.
 PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
• Date back to the early 15th century, rulers in the
Philippines were called Sultan, Gat, Datu, Rajah or
Hare. They have their own way of protecting lives
and properties of their own people; they were not
united, although their police functions and
organization differ in many forms from our present
police system, YET THEIR PRIMARY PURPOSE ARE
THE SAME.
Filipino Datu
 SPANISH ERA
• During the Spanish Regime, peace and order in a
pueblo or community is maintained by the Cuadrillos,
Carabineros, and Guardia Civil; There were times they
were called Cuerpo de Vigilancia; when abolished
become Civil Veterana. But they are known more as
Spanish Guardia Civil. Thereafter the Spaniards decide
to recruit the services of selected Indios who are
trained as local GUARDIA CIVIL.
Guardia Civil
 EARLY AND POST AMERICAN ERA (Including Japanese Occupation)

• When the Americans took over from the Spaniards, American Scouts controlled the peace
and order in every town and city within the island of the Philippines. Later, on they
recruited and trained groups of Filipinos to maintain peace and order in a given
community. On January 9, 1901, the Manila Police Department was organized with Col.
Matthew Harmon (1901-1903) as its first Chief of Police (Comprehensive Criminal
Investigation Procedure by Peña and Sadili, 1998). Though some criminology books read
that on July 31, 1901, Act No. 183 was passed creating the Metropolitan Police District,
where Capt. George Eastman Currey was appointed as its first chief (PCCR Series of
Handouts; Notes on Police Patrol). It’s quite confusing to note the different personalities
involve in the history of Philippine policing. But as far as Capt. George Eastman Currey
is concerned, he was then the adjutant of the Philippine Constabulary when it was
created on August 8, 1901 and Capt. Henry T. Allen of the US Regular Army was its
chief by virtue of Act No. 175. The Philippine Constabulary (INSULAR POLICE) was
organized that served as the TERRITORIAL FORCE for maintenance of peace and order.
Capt. Henry T. Allen
 EARLY AND POST AMERICAN ERA (Including Japanese Occupation)

• After the Japanese occupation and after the Philippines obtained its
independence from Americans, the Philippine Constabulary was created by
operation of law as one of its service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
Its main task is to maintain the internal peace and security of the
nation. Since then the Philippine Constabulary, consisting of the proud
and elite graduates of the Philippine Military Academy assumed the
responsibility to oversee the internal peace and order of all regions,
provinces, cities and municipalities nationwide with implied police
authority, over and above the local police justified by the prevailing
regional lawlessness created by the dissidents critical to the government
such as the Hukbalahaps amongst other.
 EARLY AND POST AMERICAN ERA (Including Japanese Occupation)

• Local police at this time is separate from the Philippine Constabulary. Their
genesis was based on Section 2275, Book III, Title IX of the Revised
Administrative Code of the Philippines approved on March 20, 1917, which
provide for the creation of policemen in any city or municipality thru the
approval of the governor if a town is infested with (a) outlaws; (b) lawbreakers;
(c) suspicious looking personalities. No services of military are allowed for this
purpose, and the nature of service is voluntary. No proper compensation was
given to the police volunteer appointed by the mayor that’s why the Congress
passed Republic Act 541 to improve the police service and administration. This
law is known as the Police Pension Law, but later said law was proved to be
defective that contributed more problems and conflict in the policing system.
Philippine Constabulary
 EARLY AND POST AMERICAN ERA (Including Japanese Occupation)

•On September 18, 1966, Republic Act 4864 better known as the Police
Act of 1966 was passed and approved by Congress with the end in view of
professionalizing the police service which serves as the code of all local
police departments in the country, some of its pertinent provisions reads:
“Sec. 2. Purpose – It is hereby declared to be the policy and purpose of
this Act to achieve and attain a high degree of efficiency with the end in
view that peace and order may be maintained more effectively and the laws
enforced with more impartiality. It is also the object of this Act to place the
local police service on a professional level.”
 EARLY AND POST AMERICAN ERA (Including Japanese Occupation)

•One of the most significant provisions of RA 4864 is Section 7 which

specifically define the duties of peace officers expressly provides that:

•“Sec. 7. Duties of Peace officers – All members of the police agency

shall be PEACE OFFICERS. It shall be their duty to preserve peace and
order; prevent the commission of crimes; protect life, liberty and property;
and arrest all violators of laws and ordinances within their jurisdiction.
They shall exercise the general powers to make arrest, searches and
seizures IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAW. They shall detain an arrested
person only within the period prescribed by law.
 MARTIAL LAW ERA
• By virtue of this provision, the local police agencies
were expressly granted the authority in law as
PEACE OFFICERS so lawfully exercise general police
powers limited within their respective jurisdiction.
On September 21, 1972, PROCLAMATION 1081
was declared and Martial Law was imposed
throughout the country.
 MARTIAL LAW ERA
• Consequently, military officers from the Philippine
Constabulary were designated as Officers-In-Charge of the
respective police department of the different cities and
municipalities and took CONTROL of the SUPERVISION,
ADMINISTRATION and OPERATION thereof. Those were
the days were a young first lieutenant of the Philippine
Constabulary requires a PEACE OFFICER with a higher
rank including the Chief of Police to SALUTE TO HIM.
 MARTIAL LAW ERA
• Subsequently, many Presidential Decrees were issued amending and
modifying RA No. 4864 to suit the needs of those who are close to the Palace.
On the 21st day of March 1974, Presidential Decree No. 421 was issued
modifying and/or repealing certain pertinent provisions of the Revised
Administrative Code, further amending RA No. 4864, the provisions of the city
charter of Manila, Quezon, Caloocan, and Pasay, as well as all existing laws,
rules and regulations governing the police force in the country.
• By express mandate of PD 421, the Metropolitan Police Force (MPF) was
formed and created whose officers and men are regular members of the
Philippine Constabulary. The four cities and thirteen municipalities comprising
Greater Manila Area (GMA) were place under the exclusive military and police
authority of the MPF.
 MARTIAL LAW ERA
• The real plan however was to utilize Greater Manila Area as an
experimental ground to test the propriety and effectiveness of
integrating all the police agencies in the country into one
Integrated National Police. It would seem that the military
authorities were then anticipating that officers and men of the
different local police agencies may possibly band together and
rebel against the dictatorship. To thwart the possibility, it was
decided to integrate them under the direct control and
supervision of the Philippine Constabulary.
MARTIAL LAW ERA
• On the 13th day of June 1974, PD No, 482 was issued, the
principal purpose of which (“purportedly”) is to bolster the
entire police agencies in the country (2nd, 3rd and 4th paragraphs,
PD No. 482). As distinguished from PD 421, PD 482 specifically
lodged to the Philippine Constabulary THE POWERS OF DIRECT
CONTROL, DIRECTION & SUPERVISION over the provincial
integrated police forces (1st sentence, Sec. 4, Supra.). Several
Presidential Decrees were subsequently issued complementing,
modifying and/or amending other existing PDs.
 THE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 765

• On the 8th day of August, 1975, Presidential Decree No.

765 was issued establishing and constituting the Integrated
National Police (INP). Section 1 of the aforesaid PD provides:
• “Section 1. – Constitution of the Integrated National
Police – There is hereby established and constituted the
Integrated National Police which shall be composed of the
Philippine Constabulary as the NUCLEUS and the Integrated
(National) Police Forces established under the Department of
national Defense.”
 THE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 765

•The word composed as provided in that provision of law makes the

Philippine Constabulary a cohesive part of the INP. It became the
central point of authority, even as it remained as one of the major
services of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (Section 5, PD 765).
• The issuance of PD 765 somehow finds constitutional sanction
under Section 9, Article XIV of the 1935 Constitution which expressly
provides:

• “Section 9 – The government shall organize and maintain as

national police force to preserve the public order and enforce the law.”
 THE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 765

• Observe the language of the law. “The

Constitutional duty of the INP under the 1935
Constitution is merely to preserve public order
and enforce the law. To DEFEND AND
PROTECT the people were NOT included
thereto as distinguished from the 1987
Constitution.
 THE 1987 CONSTITUTION AND THE PNP LAW

• After the dictatorship was overthrown by the EDSA

revolution, Congress of the Philippines acknowledged
and recognized that unless the police be released from
military influence and indoctrination, the constitutional
provisions that “CIVILIAN AUTHORITY IS, AT ALL
TIMES SUPREME OVER THE MILITARY” (Section 2,
Article II, 1987 Constitution) will be nothing but an
empty piece of legislation.
 THE 1987 CONSTITUTION AND THE PNP LAW

• Thus, on December 13, 1990, the President of the Republic

signed into law Republic Act 6975 creating the Philippine
National Police (PNP). Incidental thereto, dissolving the
Philippine Constabulary whose officers and rank and file were
given the privilege either to join the AFP or the PNP within the
period as provided therein. The Act was known as “An Act
Establishing the Philippine National Police under a Reorganized
Department of Interior and Local Government and for Other
Purposes”, which became effective on January 1, 1991.
Pogi gising ka pa?..
 THE 1987 CONSTITUTION AND THE PNP LAW

• On February 17, 1998, Republic Act 8551 entitled

“The PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998”
was enacted to amend certain provisions of RA
6975. Under this Act, the PNP shall be strengthened
and shall evolve into a highly efficient and
competent police force, that is community and
service oriented and fully accountable in the
performance of its functions.
THE PNP MISSION VISION AND FUNCTIONS

•The PNP Vision statement defines a desired future state to which all
the resources of the police organization are directed. In such vision,
the important elements are:
a. the presence of professional, dynamic, motivated PNP personnel;
b. the presence of resources;
c. a collaborative partnership with stakeholders from the community;
and
d. the presence of a responsive, empowered and engaged citizenry who
proactively take part in the fight against criminality to ensure a
stable and peaceful community.
THE PNP MISSION VISION AND FUNCTIONS

• On the other hand, the Mission statement of

the PNP defines its mandate which are to
enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes,
to maintain peace and order, and ensure
public safety and internal security with the
active support of the community.
 THE PNP MISSION VISION AND FUNCTIONS

•In the accomplishment of its mission, and as mandated by Republic Acts 6975, the PNP is vested with the
following powers and functions:
1. Enforces all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives & properties;
2. Maintain peace & order & takes all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
3. Investigates and prevents crimes, effects the arrest of criminal offenders, bring offenders to justice and
assists in their prosecution;
4. Exercises the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with the Constitution and
pertinent laws;
5. Detains an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law, informing the person so
detained of all his rights under the Constitution;
6. Issues licenses for the possession of firearms & explosives in accordance with law;
7. Supervises and controls the training and operation of security agenci4es and issue licenses to operate
security agencies, and to security guards and private detectives for the practice of their professions; and
8. Additionally, the PNP has also absorbed all the functions of the Philippine Air Force Security Command
(PAFSECOM), as well as the functions of the Philippine Coast Guard.
 PNP VISION (OLD - In line with RA 8551)

• The PNP vision statement defines as desired future state to

which all the resources of the organization are directed. It
states that:

• “The men and women of the PNP are committed to the vision
of a professional, dynamic and highly motivated PNP
working in a partnership with a responsive community
towards the attainment of a safe place to live, invest and do
business”.
 PNP VISION (OLD - In line with RA 8551)

• In such vision, the important elements are: a) the presence

of professional, dynamic and motivated PNP personnel; b)
the presence of a police organization that nurtures and
develops that the potential of its human resources; c) a
collaborator partnership with the community; and, d) the
presence of a responsive, empowered and engaged
citizenry who proactively take part in the fight against
criminality to ensure a stable and peaceful community.
 PNP VISION (NEW - In Line with PATROL Plan)

• Imploring the aid of the Almighty, by year 2030, we shall be a

highly capable, effective and credible police service working in
partnership with a responsible community towards the attainment
of a safer place to live work and do business.

• On the other hand, the mission statement of the PNP defines its
mandates which are “To enforce the law, to prevent and control
crimes, to maintain peace and order, and insure public safety
and internal security with the active support of the
community”.
 THE PNP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE (as of July 2022)

•The PNP Command Group is composed of the Chief PNP in whose

hands is vested the command and direction of the PNP.
• He has two (2) Deputies, one for Administration and one for
Operations. The Chief of the Directorial Staff acts as the chief
operating officer of the PNP. He coordinates, supervises and directs
the Directorial Staff and all PNP units and offices in the performance
of their respective functions. The Internal Affairs Service (IAS) assists
the Chief PNP in ensuring the operational readiness of the command
and investigates infractions of the regulations committed by members
of the PNP.
The PNP Command Group
1. The Chief Directorial Staff (TCDS)
2. The Internal Affairs Service (IAS)
3. The Human Rights Affairs Office (HRAO)
4. The Center for Police Strategy Management (CPSM)
 The directorial Staff consists of ten (16) Directorates namely:

1. The Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM)

2. Directorate for Intelligence (DI)
3. Directorate for Operations (DO)
4. Directorate for Logistics (DL)
5. Directorate for Plans (DPL)
6. Directorate for Comptrollership (DC)
7. Directorate for Police-Community Relations (DPCR)
8. Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM)
9. Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development (DHRDD)
10.Directorate for Research and Development (DRD)
11.Directorate for Information and Communications Technology Management (DICTM)
12.Five (5) Directorates for Area Police Command (formerly DIPO)
• There are twenty-three (23) National
Support Units; eleven (11) of which are
ADMINISTRATIVE and twelve (12) are
OPERATIONAL. (NOTE: Formerly, there
are only 20 NSU, 9 are administrative
and 11 are operational)
The National Administrative Support Units (NASUs) are the following:

1.Headquarters Support Service (HSS)

2.Health Service (HS)
3.Logistics Support Service (LSS)
4.Finance Service (FS)
5.Training Service (TS)
6.Engineering Service (ES)
7.Legal Service (LS)
 The National Administrative Support Units (NASUs) are the following:

8. Communication & Electronic Service (CES)

9. Information Technology Management Service (ITMS); Formerly Computer Service
10. PNP Retirement and Benefits Administration Service (PRBS)
11. Chaplain Service (CHS)
12. Police Recruitment Service (PRS)
13. Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA)
14. Philippine National Police Training Institute (PNPTI)

NOTE: To date two (3) new NASU’s had been added, the Police Recruitment Service
(PRS), the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) and the Philippine National Police
Training Institute (PNPTI)
 The National Operational Support Units (NOSUs) are the following:

1. The Maritime group (MG)

2. Intelligence Group (IG)
3. Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG)
4. Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG)
5. Special Action Force (SAF)
6. Aviation Security Group (ASG)
7. Highway Patrol Group (HPG)
8. Police Community Relations Group (PCRG)renamed to POLICE
COMMUNITY AFFAIRS AND DEVELOPMENT GROUP
9. Civil Security Group (CSG)
10.The Crime Laboratory Group (CLG) renamed to FORENSIC GROUP.
11.PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG).
12.PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP- ACG)
 •NOTE:
1. Originally, Republic Act 6975 has Narcotics Group (NG), but was abolished
probably because of Republic Act 9165 creating the PDEA.
2. The PNP Crime Laboratory was renamed to “Forensic Group”; The Police
Community Relations Group was renamed to Police Community Affairs and
Development Group (PCADG)
3. As of this date the National Operational Supports Units (NOSUs) have added 5
more units, they are:
1.Fire and Explosive Office (FEO)
2.Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agency (SOCIA)
3.The Drug Enforcement Group (DEG)
4.The Explosive Ordnance Division (EOD/K9)
5.Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group (IMEG)
 Major Subordinate Commands: PNP Main Operating Units

• For the main operating units, there are seventeen (17) police
regional offices nationwide geographically corresponding to
regional subdivisions of the country – Regions 1-13 including
the newly activated CALABARZON and MIMAROPA police
regional offices. Directly under the 17 Police Regional Offices
are seventeen (17) Regional Mobile Groups (RMGs – NOW,
Regional Public Safety Battalion (RPSBs)); seventy nine (79)
police provincial offices; fifteen (15) City Police Offices in highly
urban centers which are equivalent to a Police Provincial Office.
 Major Subordinate Commands: PNP Main Operating Units

• The Police Provincial Offices have Provincial Mobile Offices (NOW,

Provincial Public Safety Companies (PPSCs)) to augment the internal
security operations (ISO). The prevailing peace and order condition
obtaining in the area determines the assignment of more police
mobile groups.

• Under the Police Provincial Offices are the component cities and
municipal police offices/stations which serve as the main operating
arm of the PNP for law enforcement and maintenance of peace and
order.
 PNP RANK STRUCTURE – Left Rank under
RA 6975, Right Rank under RA 11200
PNP RANK – Police Commissioned Officers (PCO)

•Police Director General (PDG) Police General

•Police Deputy Director General (PDDG) Police Lieutenant General
•Police Director (PDIR) Police
Major General
•Police Chief Superintendent (PCSUPT) Police Brigadier General
•Police Senior Superintendent (PSSUPT) Police Colonel
•Police Superintendent (PSUPT) Police Lieutenant Colonel
•Police Chief Inspector (PCI) Police Major
•Police Senior Inspector (PSI) Police Captain
•Police Inspector (PI) Police
Lieutenant
 PNP RANK STRUCTURE – Left Rank under
RA 6975, Right Rank under RA 11200
PNP RANK - Police Non-Commissioned Officers (PNCO)

•Senior Police Officer IV (SPO4) Police Executive Master Sergeant (PEMS)

•Senior Police officer III (SPO3) Police Chief Master Sergeant (PCMS)
•Senior Police officer II (SPO2) Police Senior Master Sergeant (PSMS)
•Senior Police officer I (SPO1) Police Master Sergeant (PMS)
•Police Officer III (PO3) Police Staff Sergeant (PSS)

•Police Officer II (PO2) Police Corporal

•Police Officer I (PO1) Patrolman/Patrolwoman
 COMPARATIVE PRESENTATION OF NAPOLCOM POWERS
RA 4864/OTHER RA 6975 RA 8551
Features Features Features
Has Investigative Powers Investigative Power Abolished Restored Investigative Power

Hearing Officer Abolished Status Quo

Summary Dismissal Abolished Restored
Waiver Authority Abolished Restored
Attestation Power Partial Attestation to CSC Status Quo
Oversight Power Power of Admin. Control Exercise Admin. Control &
Operational Supervision

Power of the Local Executive Power of the Local Executives are Local Government are Automatically
Original Derivatives (Deputies of the Deputized
NAPOLCOM
 ATTRITION SYSTEM UNDER RA 8551
(PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
•ATTRITION SYSTEM – a reduction of personnel. Downsizing of personnel strength (Sec. 24)

•MODES OF ATTRITION (ARDNO)

 Attrition by Attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position
 Attrition by Relief
 Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank
 Attrition by Non-Promotion
 Attrition by Other Means
• NOTE: NO ATTRITION SYSTEM IS PROVIDED IN RA 6975 (The DILG Act of 1990). Only the following
mode is provided:
 By Compulsory Retirement (Sec 39, RA 6975)
 By Optional Retirement (Sec. 40, RA 6975)

• NOTE: Under RA 8551, a person who is dismissed from the service due to attrition shall be
RETIRED if she or he has rendered 20 YEARS OF SERVICE and SEPARATED if he or she has
rendered LESS THAN 20 YEARS (Section 30).
 ATTRITION SYSTEM UNDER RA 8551
(PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
•ATTRITION BY Attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position (Section 25, RA 8551)
POSITION MAXIMUM TENURE
• Chief 4 years
• Deputy Chief 4 years
• Director of Staff Services 4 years
• Regional Directors 6 years
• Provincial/City Directors 9 years

•ATTRITION BY Relief (Section 26, RA 8551)

• A PNP uniformed personnel who has been relieved for just cause & has not been given
assignment within 2 years after such relief shall be SEPARATED OR RETIRED.
 ATTRITION SYSTEM UNDER RA 8551
(PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)
•ATTRITION BY Demotion in Position or Rank (Section 27, RA 8551)
 A PNP personnel who is relieved and assigned to a position lower than what is established for his or her grade and who
shall not be assigned to a position commensurate to his or her grade within 18 months after such demotion shall be
SEPARATED OR RETIRED.

•ATTRITION BY Non-Promotion (Section 28, RA 8551)

 Any PNP personnel who have not been promoted for a continuous period of 10 years shall be SEPARATED of
RETIRED

•ATTRITION BY Other Means (Section 29, RA 8551)

 Any PNP member or officer with at least 5 years of accumulated service shall be SEPARATED based on any of the
following:
 Inefficiency based on poor performance during the last two (2) successive annual rating periods
 Inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3) cumulative annual rating periods
 Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police functions and duties, or
 Failure to pass the required entrance examination twice and/or (failure) finish the required career course except for
justifiable reasons.
 ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY SYSTEM

Under RA 8551

DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITY NATURE OF OFFENSE

1. CHIEFS OF POLICE Where the offense is punishable by

Withholding of Privileges, Restrictions to
Specified Limits, Forfeiture of Salary or
Suspension, or combination thereof, for a
period not exceeding to (fifteen)15 days.

2. CITY/MUNICIPAL MAYORS Where the offense is punishable by

Withholding of Privileges, Restrictions to
Specified Limits, Forfeiture of Salary or
Suspension, or combination thereof, for a
period of not less than 16 days but not
exceeding 30 days.
 ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY SYSTEM

3. PLEB Where the offense is punishable

by
Withholding of Privileges, Restrictions to
Specified Limits, Forfeiture of Salary or
Suspension, or
combination thereof, for a
period exceeding (thirty) 30 days; or by
DISMISSAL.

SUMMARY DISMISSAL POWERS – after due notice and summary hearings, the
NAPOLCOM, PNP Chiefs, and the PNP Regional Directors, may immediately REMOVE or
DISMISS any respondent PNP personnel.
 ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY SYSTEM

• GROUNDS FOR SUMMARY DISMISSAL

Serious Offence (the evidence of guilt is strong)
Recidivism (respondent has been repeatedly charged)
Serious Offence (involving Conduct Unbecoming of a Police Officer)
(Sec. 53, RA 8551 amending Sec. 42 of RA 6975)
PNP Personnel on AWOL for continuous 30 days shall be
DISMISSED (Section 53, RA 8551)

• DISCIPLINARY APPELLATE BOARD

National Appellate Board/Regional Appellate Board
 THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE
Powers and Functions of the Internal Affairs Service (IAS)

• The Internal Affairs Service (IAS) shall be constituted as a personal staff arm of the
Chief PNP for the purpose of performing the following functions:
1. Pro-actively conduct inspections and audits of PNP personnel and units;
2. Investigate complaints and gather evidence in support of an open investigations;
3. Conduct summary hearings on PNP members facing administrative charges;
4. Submit periodic reports on the assessment, analysis and evaluation of the character and
behavior of PNP personnel and units to the Chief, PNP and the NAPOLCOM;
5. File appropriate criminal cases against PNP members before the court as evidence
warrants and assist in the prosecution of cases; and
6. Provide assistance to the Office of the Ombudsman in cases involving the personnel of the
PNP.
 THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE
•The Internal Affair Service (IAS) shall also conduct, motu propio, automatic investigation of
the following cases:
1. Incidents where a police personnel discharges a firearms;
2. Incidents where death, serious physical injury, or violation of human rights occurred in
the conduct of a police operation;
3. Incidents where evidence was compromised, tampered with, obliterated, or lost while in
the custody of police personnel;
4. Incidents where a suspect in the custody of the police was seriously injured; and
5. Incidents where the established rules of engagements have been violated.

•The IAS shall likewise conduct, upon direction of the Chief PNP, background checks, on
PNP members being considered for promotion or assignment to any key position.
Delineation of the Inspection and Audit
Authority of the IAS and NAPOLCOM
• The IAS shall conduct inspection and audit of PNP personnel
and units for the purpose of determining the state of
behavioral discipline of personnel and operational
preparedness of PNP units. The Inspection, Monitoring, and
Investigation Service (IMIS) of the NAPOLCOM, on the other
hand shall focus on determining the state of effectiveness of
all levels and units of the PNP organization and the degree of
compliance with established policies and standards of the
police service as promulgated by the Commission.
 Delineation of the Investigative Powers of the IAS
in Relation to the Jurisdiction of the PNP
Disciplinary Authorities
•The IAS shall conduct pre-charge investigation of raw informal
complaints against PNP members for the purpose of determining if
enough evidence exists to warrant the filing of a formal complaint
against subject. Any of the PNP Disciplinary Authorities mentioned in
Section 41 and 42 of RA 6975 may delegate to the IAS the conduct of
summary hearing or reception of testimonial and documentary evidence
against PNP members facing administrative charges, subject to final
disposition thereof by such Disciplinary Authorities.
• The existing jurisdiction of PNP Disciplinary Authorities over
administrative offenses committed by PNP members under Section 41
and 42 of RA 6975 remains unaffected and operative.
Organization of IAS
•National, regional, and provincial offices of the Internal
Affairs Service shall be established. The IAS shall be headed
by a non-uniformed official with the position title of Inspector
General who shall be assisted by a Deputy Inspector
General with a rank of Police Chief Superintendent.
• The regional offices shall he headed by a Director with
a rank of Police Senior Superintendent, while the provincial
offices shall be headed by a Superintendent with a rank of
Police Superintendent.
 Qualification Standards for IAS
•Appointments and assignments to various positions in the
IAS shall be based on rigid Qualification Standards to be
promulgated by the NAPOLCOM. The following are the
minimum qualification required for assignment to various
positions in the IAS.
 Must be at least a college degree holder;
 Must have at least five (5) years experience in law
enforcement; and
 Must have no derogatory record
CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE OFFICES

1. Components Cities:
a. Type “A” for cities with population ranging from 100,000 and above
b. Type “B” for cities with population ranging from 75.000 to less than
100,000.
c. Type “C” for cities with less than 75,000 population
2. Municipalities
d. Type “A” for those with population ranging from 75,000 or more
e. Type “B” for those with population with ranging from 30,000 to
75,000.
f. Type “C” for those with population of less than 30,000
 SALARY AND BENEFITS OF POLICEMAN

•Pursuant to RA 6975, the salary of rookie policemen or PO1 was P5,000.00 a

month with the following benefits: Subsistence, clothing, ACA, and PERA. The
salary of Director General was P16,600.00 excluding allowances or other
benefits. Since passing of the PNP Law, salaries and benefits increased, but it
was RA 8551 who provides that the salary of PO1 would be the same as that of
public school teacher which is salary grade 10 with a basic salary of P8,605.00.
Because of yearly increases since March 6, 1998, the salary of Public School
Teacher increased to more than P10,000.00. For as long as salary is concerned,
policemen received yearly increases but government appropriation for salary is
still inappropriate.
• Policemen are also entitled to a Longevity pay of 10% for every five (5)
years of service.
 THE PNP INTEGRATED TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM

• The PNP Integrated Transformation Program is the

organization’s roadmap for long-term and lasting
reforms in the Philippine National Police. The
Transformation Program is now being implemented in
order to: resolve organizational dysfunctions and
improve the quality of police services; strengthen law
enforcement capabilities; and enhance the welfare and
benefits of our personnel and dependents.
 THE PNP INTEGRATED TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM

• It identifies twelve key result areas when completed all

together, will achieve PNP transformation namely: (1) national
policy and institutions development; (2) police operations;
(3) facilities development; (4) human resources
development and management; (5) administrative and
financial management; (6) strategic planning and
performance management; (7) information and
communication technology; (8) demonstration of
excellence through development of best practices; (9)
public information and advocacy; (10) reform management;
(11) anti-corruption; and (12) promotion of human rights.
THE PNP CHARTER STATEMENT
PNP Core Values
• Makadiyos
• Makabayan
• Makatao
• Makakalikasan
THE PNP PROGRAM THRUST
 Crime Prevention and Control thru Community Oriented Policing
System
 Effective Law Enforcement
 LOI Patnubay
 Support to the Internal Security Operations (ISO)
 Gender Awareness and Development (GAD)
 Upliftment of the Living Standards of PNP Uniformed Personnel and
Retirees
 The National and Local Election
 THE PNP PROGRAM THRUST
Crime Prevention and Control thru Community
Oriented Policing System – It is the policy of the PNP to
be community and service oriented agency; and the
strategy of community oriented agency; and the strategy
of community oriented policing, is a fulfillment of this
policy. It is an active partnership between community and
the police to provide lasting and permanent solutions to
the peace and order problems in local scene.
 THE PNP PROGRAM THRUST
Effective Law Enforcement – the need to reprioritize our efforts in law
enforcement is a must. Such re-channeling of priority should emphasize
our limits and the need to give importance to the more pressing problems
affecting the community. To this end, the following police campaigns were
given more focus and attention over and above other law enforcement
duties:

a. Anti-illegal drug Campaigns

b. Anti-terrorism Campaign
c. Anti-Kidnapping/Anti-Robbery Campaign
d. Oplan Paglalansag
e. Anti-Illegal Gambling Campaign
 THE PNP PROGRAM THRUST
LOI Patnubay – this is the PNP campaign to raise the
moral values of its members and at the same time rid
the police organizations with misfits and scalawags.
The PNP recognizes that LOI Patnubay should also give
emphasis on the reward system in order to recognize
PNP personnel who have effectively and efficiently
performed their assigned duties and responsibilities.
 THE PNP PROGRAM THRUST
Support to the Internal Security Operations (ISO) –
the National Leadership has put up a strong stand
against insurgency and rebellion without totally
abandoning the peace process. The PNP supports the
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in internal
security operations relative to the suppression of
insurgency and other serious threats to national
security.
 THE PNP PROGRAM THRUST

Gender Awareness and Development

(GAD) – GAD examines the social,
cultural, political and economic realities
in the society and how they assign
different roles, responsibilities, and
expectations to both men and women.
 THE PNP PROGRAM THRUST
Upliftment of the Living Standards of PNP Uniformed
Personnel and Retirees – the PNP shall continue the
implementation of the Housing Program in close coordination
with PAG-IBIG. The PNP will also provide quality health care
service thru the establishment of a Medical Plaza, which was
envisioned to benefit all the PNP personnel. Not to be left out,
PNP retirees will receive better retirement benefits with the
implementation of the recently launched program “Project
Kalinga”.
 THE PNP PROGRAM THRUST

The National and Local Election – with the

recently held national and local elections, the
PNP had been in the forefront in ensuring the
maintenance of peace and order. In this
connection, the PNP strictly implemented
COMELEC rules and regulations relative to the
gun ban policy.
 LINKAGES WITH OTHER LAW
ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATIONS
• Domestically, PNP are linked with the other law
enforcement agencies thru the National Law Enforcement
Coordinating Committee (NALECC). This body convenes
regularly to foster cooperation and coordination among all
law enforcement agencies in the country. PNP are also
linked to the international law enforcement community thru
the INTERPOL. The PNP is designated as the INTERPOL
national Central Bureau here in the Philippines and the
Chief PNP is the Chairman.
 LINKAGES WITH OTHER LAW
ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATIONS
Philippines is also a member of the ASEAN where
ASEANAPOL becomes an integral part of it. 2017 is
the year where Philippines become a host of its
celebration.
The PNP also serves as the backbone of several law
enforcement arms of the Government created by
virtue of an Executive Order, like the NDLEPCC and
the PCTC.
 THE PNP AND THE ARMED
FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES
•The PNP and AFP complement each other on their pursuit to suppress insurgency, and other
serious threats to national security and in times of national emergency prescribed pursuant to
Section 12 of Republic Act 8551.
• Consequently there are also governing relationships between them as follows:
1. The PNP enforces laws and ordinances and performs statutory functions while the AFP exercises
primary responsibility on matters involving suppression of insurgency and other serious threats to
national security.
2. The PNP provides assistance to the AFP in insurgency – affected areas while the AFP is also
responsible for the integrated territorial defense system.
3. The PNP assists the AFP for the dispositive action on arrested, captured or surrendered
insurgent within the prescribed reglementary period.
4. The PNP provides assistance to the AFP in the arrest of suspected insurgents with standing
warrants of arrest, and
5. The PNP and the AFP maintain close intelligence coordination and exchanges and share each
other’s accomplishments of their respective mission and functions.
 ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 219 - Creating the PACC and the
NALECC
Section 1-6 (Establishing the functional relationship of the law
enforcement agency)
DELINEATING THE FUNCTIONS, POWERS AND JURISDICTION OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ANTI-
CRIME COMMISSION, THE NATIONAL PEACE AND ORDER COUNCIL, THE NATIONAL LAW
ENFORCEMENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE AND THEIR IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES

Section 1. Presidential Anti-Crime Commission (PACC).

(a) Responsibility/role as a Collegial Body – The Presidential Anti-Crime Commission, as a collegial

body, shall have the primary responsibility of providing policy guidelines, unified operational direction
and general supervision of the government and community efforts in the campaign against the
following crimes:

i. those committed by organized/syndicated crime groups

ii. those which are considered heinous
iii. those committed by military and law enforcement personnel
iv. other offenses which the President may refer to the Commission.
 ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 219 - Creating the PACC and the NALECC
Section 1-6 (Establishing the functional relationship of the law enforcement
agency)

• In this role, the PACC shall orchestrate, integrate and coordinate the operational activities of
the various implementing agencies and non-government organizations involved in the common
fight against the aforementioned crimes.

• (b) Authority of the Chairman – The Chairman of the PACC shall be the Chief Executive Officer of
the Commission. As such, he shall provide general supervision and policy direction over
implementing agencies engaged in the anti-crime campaign. He shall likewise provide the
leadership, the central direction and the harmony required for the unified government and
community efforts against criminality within the PACC’s cognizant jurisdiction. In the case of
urgency, the PACC Chairman shall also be responsible for the allocation of tasks and delineation
of responsibilities and functions of implementing agencies on specific criminal incidents.
• Cases not covered by this order, or pertinent laws, rules and regulations, and the resolution
of conflicts between implementing agencies shall be governed by policy memoranda to be issued
by the Commission.
 ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 219 - Creating the PACC and the NALECC
Section 1-6 (Establishing the functional relationship of the law enforcement
agency)

• Sec. 2. The National Peace and Order Council (NPOC). – The Council shall be
responsible in preparing and providing broad policies, strategies, thrust and
measures that would effectively address peace and order problems, especially
criminality and insurgency. It shall coordinate and monitor the implementation
of the corresponding peace and order plans, projects and activities of the
government agencies, local government units and non-government organizations
to ensure public safety and proper enforcement of the laws, and effectively
prevent and suppress criminality. It shall elicit the participation and support of
the citizenry in the campaign against criminality and shall provide policy
guidelines, unified operational direction and general supervision of government
and community efforts against criminality in general.
 ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 219 - Creating the PACC and the NALECC
Section 1-6 (Establishing the functional relationship of the law enforcement agency)

Sec. 3. National Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee (NALECC)

(a) Responsibility/Role in the Anti-Crime System – The NALECC Chairman (Chief,

Philippine National Police) shall enhance the coordination and cooperation of all
implementing agencies at the operational level by intensive and vigorous
interaction through the NALECC forum. The Chairman shall adopt measures to
improve the NALECC Coordination Centers for better day-to-day operational
coordination of the implementing agencies.
(b) Relationship with PACC and NPOC – The NALECC shall assist/support the
PACC and NPOC in the formulation and operationalization of interagency
operational guidelines, and in the efficient and effective implementation of their
respective mandates and programs/plans/projects/activities.
 ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 219 - Creating the PACC and the NALECC
Section 1-6 (Establishing the functional relationship of the law enforcement agency)

Sec. 4. Concerned Government Agencies

(a) Delineation of Functions – To make law enforcement and anti-crime operations more
effective and efficient, the functions and responsibilities of the following implementing
agencies are hereby delineated, as follows:
1. Philippine National Police (PNP) – As a front-line and territorial police agency, it
shall
a) Conduct general law enforcement;
b) Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;
c) Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
and
d) Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring
offenders to justice and assist in their prosecution.
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 219 - Creating the PACC and the NALECC
Section 1-6 (Establishing the functional relationship of the law enforcement
agency)

2. National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) – As an investigative agency, it shall have the

following functions:
a) pursuant to its charter, undertake investigations of crimes and other offenses against the
laws of the Philippines, upon its own initiative and as public interest may require; including
the investigation of:
i. bank frauds and computer crimes;
ii. crimes cognizable by the Office of the Ombudsman
iii. crimes against public interests (Article 161 to 189, Title Four, Book Two of the Penal
Code, as amended);
b) Render assistance, whenever properly requested in the investigation or detection of crimes
and other offenses;
c) Act as a national clearing house of criminal and other information's for the benefit and use of
all prosecuting and law enforcement entities of the Philippines, and identification records of
all persons without criminal conviction;
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 219 - Creating the PACC and the NALECC
Section 1-6 (Establishing the functional relationship of the law enforcement
agency)

d. Give technical aid to all prosecuting and law enforcement officers and entities of the
Government as well as the courts that request its services; and

e. Extend its services, whenever properly requested, in the investigation of case of

administrative or civil nature in which the Government is interested;

Where the law vests the investigation of violations of specific laws in another agency,
the NBI shall investigate such violations only upon request of such agency. Where the
investigation of cases are already handled by other agencies, the Bureau shall exercise
a supportive or coordinate role, unless otherwise directed by the President or the
Secretary of Justice or when required by law to conduct an independent investigation.
Further, it shall provide technical investigative support to other concerned or
requesting agencies.
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 219 - Creating the PACC and the NALECC
Section 1-6 (Establishing the functional relationship of the law enforcement
agency)

Bureau of Customs, Bureau of Internal Revenue, Economic Intelligence

and Investigation Bureau, Bureau of Immigration and Deportation,
Forest Management Bureau, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
and Similar Agencies – As special law enforcement agencies, they shall
primarily and exclusively enforce the special laws appertaining to their
respective mandates/charters. The PNP, NBI and other agencies may take
cognizance of said special laws only when called upon to render assistance
on request or by deputation, or by direction of competent authority.

(b) Support Role of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and Other
Agencies
 ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 219 - Creating the PACC and the NALECC
Section 1-6 (Establishing the functional relationship of the law enforcement
agency)

All other agencies shall provide assistance that may be necessary and/or upon request by law enforcement
units.
(c) Inter-Agency Operational Guidelines – To avoid conflict or deadlock, the implementing agencies shall
observe the following operational guidelines:
•
1. Where two or more police/law enforcement agencies have concurrent jurisdiction on a crime incident,
the first agency that takes cognizance of the case shall primarily handle the investigation thereof, with
the other agencies merely coordinating and supporting, unless otherwise directed by the President or by
the PACC.
2. Where an information concerning a violation of law is received by an agency which has no jurisdiction
over the case, such agency should immediately refer such information to the concerned agency having
jurisdiction over the same for its appropriate action.
3. The lead agency having jurisdiction over an investigation shall be the exclusive authority to release any
public information on the status of investigation of the case, unless otherwise elevated to the level of
PACC as part of integrated efforts against criminality.
4. Cooperation and coordination among and between police/law enforcement agencies are enjoined in all
aspects of the law enforcement operations.
 ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 219 - Creating the PACC and the NALECC
Section 1-6 (Establishing the functional relationship of the law enforcement
agency)

Sec. 5. Command Responsibility. – The President of the Republic of the Philippines as

the Chief Executive and as Commander-in-Chief of all Armed Forces shall have
ultimate responsibility for the conduct of the anti-crime campaign by all government
and non-government agencies. The Vice-President, in his capacity as Presidential
Adviser on Crime Prevention and Law Enforcement shall be the principal assistant of
the President in the exercise of this responsibility. The President may authorize the
PACC Chairman to create special task forces under the operational control of the
PACC to enable it to directly influence the anti-crime drive on critical problem areas.
The heads of line departments, chiefs of offices and AFP/PNP commanders at all levels
shall retain command responsibility over all their personnel, units and offices
detached and placed under operational control of other commands, offices and
agencies pursuant to directives from competent authority.
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 219 - Creating the PACC and the NALECC
Section 1-6 (Establishing the functional relationship of the law enforcement
agency)

Sec. 6. Rescission. – All provisions of previous

Administrative and Memorandum Orders in
conflict with this Administrative Order are
hereby rescinded.
 The Philippine Center for Transnational Crime (PCTC): Executive order No. 62/100

 The Office is created under the Executive Order No.62 dated January 15, 1999. The
mission of the Philippine Center on Transnational Crime (PCTC) is to formulate and
implement a concerted program of action of all law enforcement, intelligence and other
government agencies for the prevention and control of transnational crime.

 Executive Order No.100, dated 7 May 1999. “Strengthening the Operational,

Administrative and Information Support System of the PCTC” – This Executive Order
sought to strengthen the operational, administrative and information support system and
capacity of PCTC by placing the following agencies/offices/instrumentalities of under the
general supervision and control of the Center.
 The Philippine Center for Transnational Crime (PCTC): Executive order No. 62/100

PCTC MISSION: Formulate and implement a concerted program of action of all law
enforcement, intelligence and other agencies for the prevention and control of transnational
crime.

•Powers and Functions:

1. To establish a shared central database on all transnational crimes;
a. Illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;
b. Money Laundering;
c. Terrorism;
d. Arms Smuggling;
e. Trafficking in Persons;
f. Piracy; and
g. Other crimes that have an impact on the stability and security of the country.
 The Philippine Center for Transnational Crime (PCTC): Executive order No. 62/100

2. To supervise and control the conduct of anti-transnational crime operations of all government
agencies and instrumentalities;
3. To establish a central database on national as well as international legislation and
jurisprudence on transnational crime;
4. To establish a center for strategic research on the structure and dynamics of transnational
organized crime;
5. To design programs and projects aimed at enhancing national capacity-building in combating
transnational crime;
6. To explore and coordinate information exchanges and training local and foreign counterparts;
7. To enlist the assistance of any department, bureau, office, agency or instrumentality of the
government, including the use of their respective personnel, facilities and resources; and
8. To perform such functions and carry out such activities as may be directed by the President.
 Additional Mission
• The Philippine Center for Transnational Crime (PCTC) shall
be Liaison office and main coordinating body for international
police cooperation against transnational crimes
representing all law enforcement agencies in the Philippines.
• The Philippine Center for Transnational Crime (PCTC) is
the communication cum liaison office to implement various
Memorandum of Understanding and Agreement (MOU/MOA)
entered into by the Government of the Republic of the
Philippines with other countries.
 Executive Order No 62 (15 January 1999)

• The mission of the Philippine Center on

Transnational Crime (PCTC) is to formulate
and implement a concerted program of action
of all law enforcement, intelligence and other
government agencies for the prevention and
control of transnational crime.
Executive Order No. 100 (7 May 1999)

•“Strengthening the Operational, Administrative and Information

Support System of the PCTC” – This Executive Order sought to
strengthen the operational, administrative and information support
system and capacity of PCTC by placing the following
agencies/offices/instrumentalities of under the general supervision
and control of the Center:
a. Loop Center of the NACAHT;
b. INTERPOL NCB-Manila;
c. Police Attaches of the PNP; and
d. Political Attaches/Counselors for Security Matters of the DILG.
 Executive Order No. 295
• This places all law enforcement task forces and special project
groups under the direct supervision and control of the Presidential
Anti-Organized Crime Commission (PAOCC). This Executive
Order, in effect, amended Executive Order No. 62 particularly with
regard to the provision on the exercise of direct supervision and
control over the Center. The PCTC was transferred from the
NAPOLCOM to the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission
(PAOCC) in order to ensure a focused and coordinated response
against all forms of transnational crimes (TNCs).
Executive Order No. 146 (22 October 2002)

• Amending Executive Order No.62,

transferring the general supervision
and control of the Philippine Center
on Transnational Crime to the Office
of the National Security Adviser.
Executive Order No. 265 dated January 23, 2004

• Creating the Office of the Special

Envoy on Transnational Crime
consolidating all efforts of inter-agency
bodies to ensure the efficacy to combat
transnational crime in the country.
 Executive Order No. 735 dated June 20, 2008

•Placing the Philippine Center on Transnational Crime, Created

under Executive Order No. 62 dated January 15, 1999, Under the
Department of Interior and Local Government.
• In addition to its inherent mission and functions, The Center
also serves as the Secretariat of the Executive Council to Suppress
Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children as provided
in Executive Order No. 220 and the Anti-Fraud Task Force Executive
Order No. 331. It has also emerged as an active player in various
regional and international initiatives to combat transnational
crimes.
 Executive Order No. 35 dated April 11, 2011

• Transferring the control and supervision of the Philippine Center on

Transnational Crime from the Department of the Interior and
Local Government to the Office of the President to enhance the
coordination among its departments, bureaus, offices,
agencies, and instrumentalities for a “whole of government
approach” towards a more efficient, coordinated, collaborative, and
synergized effort against organized transnational criminal activity,
and to link national efforts with international agencies and
institutions directly involved in the global campaign against
transnational crimes.
 Command and Control
•The PCTC command and control structure is as follows:
1. The PCTC is under the Office of the President.
2. The Executive Director has immediate supervision
and control over all units of the PCTC. As such, he
is authorized to designate duties and functions of
all units and personnel of the PCTC.
3. The Executive Director has direct operational and
supervisory authority over personnel and
resources detailed with the PCTC.
 Coordination and Networks
 In the pursuance of its mission and functions, the PCTC shall be assisted by
the following government agencies and instrumentalities:
1. Philippine National Police (PNP);
2. National Bureau of Investigation (NBI);
3. National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking and Anti-Terrorism (NACAHT);
4. Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force (PAOCTF);
5. Presidential Anti-Smuggling Task Force (PASTF);
6. National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM);
7. Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG);
8. Department of Justice (DOJ);
9. Department of Finance (DOF);
10. Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC);
 Coordination and Networks

11. Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB);

12. National Prosecution Service (NPS);
13. Bureau of Immigration and Deportation (BID);
14. Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR);
15. Bureau of Customs (BOC);
16. National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA);
17. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP);
18. Land Transportation Office (LTO);
19. National Telecommunication Commission (NTC);
20. National Statistics and Census Office (NSCO); and
21. Other Government Agencies
 Coordination and Networks
1. The PCTC shall address the requirement of putting strong and intensified
focus against transnational organized crime in the course of the government’s
anti-crime campaign.
2. The PNP continues to be the primary general law enforcement agency of the
country.
3. The Executive Director, PCTC; the Chief, PNP; and the heads of other
concerned government agencies shall undertake close coordination and
cooperation to insure synergy in the over-all anti-transnational crime
campaign.
4. The Executive Director, PCTC shall endorse attendance to all
trainings/conferences/seminars related on transnational crimes (EO 100).
Any Questions?