International Conference on Advances

in Civil Engineering (ICACE-2020)

POST FIRE RESIDUAL CAPACITY OF

REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

Presented by: Md. Mehedi Hassan Bhuiyan (Lecturer, Daffodil International University)
Co-author: Dr. Shameem Ahmed (Associate professor, Bangladesh University and Engineering Technology)

Departmment of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

 Introduction

In developing regions, reinforced concrete (RC)

is the main construction material due to its
availability and low-price. Over the last few years,
the fire hazard is a common scenario due to lake
of proper planning.

Massive fire breaks out at a chemical factory in Gazipur, 11 February

For the rehabilitation of a fire affected structure, 2021. [Source: Dhaka Tribune]

assessment of the post fire residual capacity of

the structure is important.

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 Objectives

 Determine the post fire residual capacity of a RC beam subjected to

fire using finite element (FE) model.

 Compare post fire residual capacity of RC beams obtained from FE

analysis with the residual capacity calculated by simplified method.

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 Material Property
1.2 1.2 20 ℃
20 °C
100 °C 100 ℃
200 °C 200 ℃
1 300 °C 1
400 °C 300 ℃
500 °C 400 ℃
0.8 600 °C 0.8 500 ℃
700 °C 600 ℃
800 °C
700 ℃
900 °C

Stress
Stress

0.6 0.6 800 ℃

1000
°C 900 ℃
1100 1000 ℃
0.4 °C 0.4
1100 ℃

0.2 0.2

0 0
-0.01 0.04 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Strain Strain
-0.2
Fig: Stress vs Strain diagram of Concrete at different temperature Fig: Stress vs Strain diagram of Steel at different temperature
(Compressive Stress positive & Tensile Stress Negative )

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 Material Property
1.2 1.2 1.2
Elevated Strength Eurocode 2 Elevated Strength
1
Residual Strength 1
Modified 1 Residual Strength

0.8 0.8 0.8

t,20
,20

y,20
fc,T

ft,T

fy,T
0.6 0.6 0.6
c

′
′

′
f
′

′
f

′
f
0.4 0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2 0.2

0 0
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Temperature (℃) Temperature (℃) Temperature (℃)
Fig: Concrete compressive Strength ratio with temperature [1,2,3] Fig: Concrete tensile Strength ratio with temperature [2,4] Fig: Steel Yield Strength ratio with temperature [1,2]

1. Kodur VKR, Agrawal A (2016) An approach for evaluating residual capacity of reinforced concrete beams exposed to fire. Eng Struct 110:293–306 .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.11.047
2. (2004) EN 1992-1-1: Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings.
3. Europeenne N (2004) EUROPEAN STANDARD Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures-Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings.
4. Dwaikat MB, Kodur VKR (2009) Hydrothermal model for predicting fire-induced spalling in concrete structural systems. Fire Saf J 44:425–434 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.09.001

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 FE Modeling
unexposed surface
Element Type
Analysis Convective coefficient = 9
Beam Reinforcement
Thermal Analysis DC3D8 DC1D2
Structural Analysis C3D8R T3D2 Fire exposed surface
Convective coefficient = 25
 ASTM-E119 Fire curve applied Surface emissivity constant = 0.8
 Heat transfer behavior has been propagated by
surface to surface tie contact.
 Point load applied on beam at prescribe distance.

𝐔 𝐱 , 𝐔 𝐲 , 𝐔 𝐳 , 𝐔 𝐫𝐱 , 𝐔 𝐫 𝐲

𝐔𝐲
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 Validation of FE Model
Model has been validate against experimental data
provided in Dwaikat et al, 20095.
5. Dwaikat MB, Kodur VKR (2009) Response of restrained concrete
beams under design fire exposure. J Struct Eng 135:1408–1417 .
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000058

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

1500
ASTM_E119 0
FEM_Mid
Test Re- -20

Beam Mid-Span Deflection (mm)

1200 sult_MID
FEM_Quartar -40
Temperature (℃)

Test_Quartar
900 -60

-80
600
-100

300 -120
Beam-Test
-140 Beam-FEA
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Time (min)
Time (min)

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 Parametric Study

 Validation modeling process has been used to evaluate the post fire analysis.
 To make the comparison easier same material property has been chosen for both beam.
 Material property used in parametric study
Concrete
Beam ID L (mm) Clear Cover
Steel B1 6000 5600 38
 Total 24 Model has been analyzed where ambient condition and 5 different B2 6000 5600 50
fire duration (30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 180 min and 240 min) consider. B3 4500 4200 38
B4 4500 4200 50

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 Result & Discussion

Fig: Load-displacement behavior of B1 & B2 Fig: Load-displacement behavior of B3 & B4

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 Result & Discussion
Residual % Reduction % Residual % Reduction % Residual % Reduction %
5 5 10 9 8 9 13 13 12 14 18 17
Capacity%

Capacity%

Capacity%
95 95 90 91 92 91 87 87 88 86 82 83

B1 B2 B3 B4 B1 B2 B3 B4 B1 B2 B3 B4
Fire duration 30 min Fire duration 60 min Fire duration 120 min
Residual % Reduction % Residual % Reduction %

26 23 28 24 35 33
39
Capacity%

Capacity%
44

74 77 72 76 65 67
56 61

B1 B2 B3 B4 B1 B2 B3 B4
Fire duration 180 min Fire duration 240 min
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 Result & Discussion
1
B1

0.9 B2
B3
B4
0.8
MAMB

 Residual moment capacity decreases slower

M
Ratio
Moment ,

0.7
 clear cover of the beam does not play any important
0.6 role up to 120 min.

0.5  But for exposure longer than 120 min, the residual
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
Time (min)
moment capacity of the beams with 50 mm clear
cover (i.e., B2 and B4 beams) were 3 to 5% higher
Fig: Variation of the ratio of post fire residual moment capacity to the
ambient moment capacity with fire exposure time
than the residual capacity of the beams with 38 mm
clear cover (i.e., B1 and B3 beams).

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 Result & Discussion
FE study result compare with simplified 400 400
FEA Simplified Approach FEA Simplified Approach

Residual Capacity (KN)

Residual Capacity (KN)

approach proposed by Kodur et al, 20106
300 300

Simplified method consider 200 200

1. Residual strength of reinforcing steel
respect to rebar temperature. 100 100
2. Initial compressive strength.
0 0
3. Area of tension steel. 30 min 60 min 120 min 180 min 240 min 30 min 60 min 120 min 180 min 240 min
4. Effective depth. For Beam B1 For Beam B3
5. Width of damaged concrete section.
400 400
FEA Simplified Approach FEA Simplified Approach

Residual Capacity (KN)

Residual Capacity (KN)

300 300
This method can be unconservative when
the RC beam failed due to the crushing of 200 200

concrete.
100 100

0 0
6. Dwaikat MB, Kodur VKR (2009) Response of restrained concrete 30 min 60 min 120 min 180 min 240 min 30 min 60 min 120 min 180 min 240 min
beams under design fire exposure. J Struct Eng 135:1408–1417 .
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000058 For Beam B2 For Beam B4

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 Conclusion
 From the analysis, it was observed that with the increase of exposure time, the post fire
residual capacity decreased.

 After 120 min of exposure, the residual moment capacity became 80% of its ambient
capacity.

 After 120 min fire exposure residual capacity reduced more quickly, and 240 min of
exposure the residual capacity became around 55% of its ambient capacity.

 It was also found that clear cover of RC beams has little significant effect on the post
residual capacity of the RC beams.

 Simplified method may overestimate the residual capacity the RC beam exposed in fire
for long duration.

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 Thank you

Questions?

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