Active

Active Operator
Operator Guidance
Guidance –– AOG
AOG
AAdecision
decisionsupport
supporttool
toolto
tohelp
helpthe
thecaptain
captainminimize
minimize
damage
damageto toship
shipand
andcontainers
containers
What is the sea state just now?
• Wave height?
• Wave direction?
• Wave period?
View from the bridge on a good day
….and on a rough day
Wave Sensor System Overview
Basic Components:
 X-band radar scanner
 Standard marine computer
 Video extractor board
 Wavex software
Recorded Data:
 Radar video signal
 Radar synch. signal
 Radar azimuth heading
 Vessel speed
 Vessel heading
Typical radar parameters:
 Scanner rotation speed : 24 rpm
 Scanner PRF : 1200 Hz
 Scanner pulse length : 70 ns
 Scanner size : 1.9 m ( 6 feet)
 Mounting height : 35 m
Estimation of Wave Spectrum
Procedure:
 Record 32 consecutive radar images
 Transform radar images to Cartesian
 Compute wave spectrum
 Compute wave parameters (Hs, Tz)
Wave Radar Logging System
Typical logging systems (e.g. WAVEX, WAMOS)

Motion sensors are

part of the system
Motion Sensor (MRU)
Sensor
- 6 degrees of freedom
(surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, yaw)
- Online computation of
• angular acceleration
• angular velocity
• angular displacement
• translation acceleration
• translation velocity
• translation displacement
- accurate measurements:
• angular uncertainty:
0.1 degrees rms
• acceleration uncertainty:
0.01 m/s
• heave uncertainty:
5%
Resonance responses

Functionality:
• Ship specific operational criteria:
• Max roll and pitch angle
• Max accelerations / lashing forces
• Where:
• Representative locations along
the hull
• Containers
• Superstructure, machinery etc.
• Warning / guidance:
• Warning if exceeding operational
criteria
• Guidance showing the
speed/heading combinations that
will give safe operation, i.e. below
operational criteria
Slamming

Functionality:
• Ship specific operational criteria:
• Max impact pressure
• Where:
• Representative panels fore- and
aft-ship
• Warning / guidance:
• Warning if exceeding operational
criteria for one of the panels
• Guidance showing the
speed/heading combinations that
will give safe operation, i.e. below
operational criteria for all panels
Green Seas on Deck

Functionality:
• Ship specific operational criteria:
• Freeboard
• Where:
• Representative positions fore-ship
• Warning / guidance:
• Warning if exceeding operational
criteria for one of the positions
• Guidance showing the
speed/heading combinations that
will give safe operation, i.e. below
operational criteria for all positions
Parametric Roll

Functionality:
• Ship specific operational criteria:
• Avoid condition where parametric
rolling may occur and give raise to
excessive roll angle and accelerations
/ lashing forces
• Where:
• The ship overall
• Warning / guidance:
• Risk depends on the trading pattern,
design and loading condition of the
specific ship
• Warning if exceeding operational
criteria
• Guidance showing the speed/heading
combinations that will give safe
operation, i.e. below operational
criteria
Broaching

Functionality:
• Ship specific operational criteria:
• Avoid condition where broaching may
occur (vessel speed and heading) and
give raise to loss of manoeuvrability,
risk of capsizing, excessive roll angle
and accelerations / lashing forces
• Where:
• The ship overall
• Warning / guidance:
• Warning if exceeding operational
criteria
• Guidance showing the speed/heading
combinations that will give safe
operation, i.e. below operational
criteria
AOG System at Navigation Bridge
Components
- computer, screen, keyboard/mouse
- UPS
- interfaces to
• gyro
• GPS
• radar
• motion sensor (MRU)
• rudder indicator
• ME rpm indicator
• X-band radar scanner /
wave sensor
• load computer
ACTIVE OPERATOR GUIDANCE
• Max wave height
• Wave period
• Significant wave
Limiting Criteria:
• Accelerations height
• Bow impact • Direction
BRIDGE DISPLAY
• Strength
• Sea keeping Wave
Radar
AOG
Acceptance System
Criteria Integrator
Advisor
- what if...
Motion
Recorder
Unit + What is needed to
Present motions bridge data bring me inside
limits?
AOG Example screen layout
Heading

Ship Position

Acceptance Boundary

Speed

Probability levels
The Captain’s Decision Support Tool

Operational Limits Status

Bow Impact Strength OK
Accelerations OK
Extreme roll angles OK

Secondary information
screen viewable as
background information
AOG
AOGtest
testinstallation
installationon
on
“Mayview
“MayviewMaersk”,
Maersk”,
4500TEU
4500TEUContainer
ContainerShip
Ship
October
October2001
2001
AOG
AOG Pilot
Pilot Installation
Installation
with
withscreen
screensnapshots
snapshots
(regular
(regularseas)
seas)
AOG Operational Display