Erikson's Psychosocial

Theory of Development
Presented By: Manalang Heart
Lesson Outline
• Explane why Erik Erikson's theory
called "Erikson's Psychosocial
Theory of Development"

• Eight stages of psychosocial developmen

by Erik Erikson
 PSYCHOSOCIAL
THEORY
by Erik
Erikson
•German born psychoanalyst

•theory is focused on social

and psychological
development in the different
life stages

•EGO IDENTITY-how we
interact with others is what
affects our sense of self
 ➢personality
develops i a
predetermined order through eightn stages
Epigenetic of psychosocial development,
from infancy to adulthood.
Principle
•During each stage, the person
experiences a psychosocial crisis
which could have a positive or
negative outcome for personality
Hi!!! development.
Trust vs. Mistrust
• Infancy Stage
• The infant develops a sense of
trust when interactions provide
reliability, care, and
affection.
•Success in this stage will lead
to the virtue ofHOPE.
•Failing to acquire the virtue of
hope will lead to the
development of fear and
WITHDRAWAL.
 1. Trust vs Mistrust
Infancy (1-2 yrs old)
 Autonomy vs. Shame
and Doubt

• Children in this stage need to be
allowed to explore and manipulate
their environment in order to develop
a sense of
independence
• The aim has to be “self control without
a loss of self-esteem”
•thevirtueofWILL,
Success in this stage will lead to

• If the parents or caretakers come

down too hard on the child for •COMPULSION.
failure in this stage will lead to
trying to explore their
environment, they will instill in the
child a sense of shame and to
doubt theirabilities.
2. Autonomy vs shame and Doubt
Early childhood (2-4yrs old)
 •A healthy balance between
initiative and guilt is important.

•Success in this stage will lead to

Initiative vs. Guilt
the virtue of purpose

•while failure results in a sense of

inhibition.
3. Initiative vs Guilt
 •Balance between competence
(industry) and modesty Industry vs
(inferiority) is
necessary. Inferiority

•Success in this stage will

lead to the virtu of
competence. e

TSTUS UPS PYSCYHCOHLOOLGOYG YD

EDPEAPRATRMTMENETN T
4. Industry vs Inferiority
School age (5-12yrs old)
Identity vs
Role Confusion
•Those who are able to
successfully forge a healthy
identity develop a sense of
•this is process
important to the
of forming a fidelity.

strong identity and

developing a sense of •Those who do not complete this
stage well may be left feeling
direction in life. confused about their role and
place in life (Role Repudiation).
5. Identity vs Role Confusion
Adolescence (13-19yrs old)
•During this period, the major
conflict centers on forming
intimate, loving relationships Intimacy
with other people.
vs
•Success leads to strong Isolation
relationships, while failure
results in loneliness and
isolation.
6. Intimacy vs Isolation
 • Generativity refers to "making
your mark" on the world through
creating or nurturing things that
will outlast an individual.
Generativity vs
Stagnation • Peoplecreate
experience a need to
or nurture things that will
outlast them, often having
mentees or creating positive
changes that will benefit other
people.
7. Generativity vs Stagnation
 Ego Integrity vs
Despair
• reflecting on one's life and
either moving into feeling
satisfied and happy with
one's life or feeling a deep
senseof regret.
•Erikson described ego
integrity as “the acceptance
of one’s one and only life
cycle as something that had
to be”
• “a sense of coherence and
wholeness”
8. Integrity vs Despair
Maturity (65-death)
Ego Despair
Integrity

•Success at this stages •Failure results in regret,

leads to feelings of bitterness, and despair.
wisdom (Disdain)
 Lev Vygotsky's
Socio-Cultural Theory
Lesson Outline
• Explain why Vygotsky's theory is called
"Socio-cultural" theory.

• Differentiate Piaget and Vygotsky's

views on cognitive development.

• Explain how scaffolding is useful in

teaching skills.
 Socio-Cultural
THEORY
by Lev
Vygotsky
• Born in Russia in 1896

• his work begone on his studying working in

development to improve his own teaching

• he wrote on language, thought, psychology of

art and learning development

his ideas about language, culture ang cognitive
development have become a major influence in
psychology and education today.
 Vygotsky theory
The key theme of this theory is that social interaction plays
a very important role in cognitive development.

He believed that social interaction and language are the

two central factors in cognitive development therefore, his
theory became known as the Socio-Cultural Theory of
Development.
Piaget vs. Vygotsky
 Memory

Attention Perception Sensation

 First, there is what we can
do on our own

Zone of actual development

(zad)
 Then there is this zone of proximal
development which represents what
we can do with the help of an adult,
a friend, technology, or what
Vygotsky called "more
knowledgeable other".

More knowledgeable other

(mko)
 Last, there was what's
beyond our reach.

Beyond our reach

 Scaffolding

MKO
Learner
Example of scaffolding