HERIDITY: INHERITANCE

AND VARIATION
 Lesson Objective

Describe the location of genes in

chromosomes
Explain the different patterns of non-
Mendelian inheritance
Allele
NOTE: Dominant is always expressed when present. Recessive is only expressed when
no dominant genes are present.
 CHROMOSOME
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in
the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information
in the form of genes.
THE LOCATION
OF GENES IN
CHROMOSOME
LOCUS is a term that we use to tell us
where on a chromosome a specific gene is.
So it's really the physical location of a
gene on a chromosome. It's a way of
defining the gene's neighborhood.
What is an example of incomplete
dominance?
Incomplete dominance occurs when neither
trait is truly dominant over the other. This
means that both traits can be expressed in
the same regions, resulting a blending of
two phenotypes. If a white and black dog
produce a gray offspring, this is an example
of incomplete dominance.
What is an example of codominance?
Examples of codominance in animals
include speckled chickens, which have
alleles for both black and white feathers,
and roan cattle, which express alleles for
both red hair and white hair.
Codominance is also seen in plants.
X-linked recessive conditions include red-green color blindness
and hemophilia A: Red-green color blindness. Red-green color
blindness simply means that a person cannot distinguish shades of
red and green (usually blue-green).

Duchenne muscular dystrophy, some types

of colorblindness and hemophilia A are
examples of X-linked recessive disorders.
James Watson and
Francis Crick
In 1953, they concluded that the DNA
molecule appears as a three-
dimensional double helix.

Rosalind Franklin and

Maurice Wilkins
They used X-ray crystallography to
study DNA's structure, which helped
Watson and Crick with their
discovery.