VICE AND DRUG

EDUCATION AND
CONTROL

BY: CROMWELL G SANCHEZ

 Lesson 1

Understanding The
Vices
 VICE
Is a practice, behaviour, or habit generally
considered immoral, sinful, criminal, rude, taboo,
depraved, degrading, deviant or perverted in the
associated society.
In more minor usage, vice can refer to a fault, a
negative character trait, a defect, an infirmity, or a
bad or unhealthy habit.
Vices are usually associated with a transgression
in a person's character or temperament rather than
their morality.
• The modern English term that best captures its
original meaning is the word vicious, which means
"full of vice".

• In this sense, the word vice comes from

the Latin word vitium, meaning "failing or
defect".
 Virtue and Vice

• The distinction between Virtue as a good habit

and;

• Vice as a bad habit turns on whether the habit

produces acts conducive to promoting man's
moral good or evil.
• Acts of virtue are those that are suitable to
human nature; that is, they are acts habitually
performed according to the rule of reason.

• Acts of vice are opposed to human nature in as

much as they are habitually opposed to the
direction of reason.
 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY OF VICES

• Organized and commercialized vices disrupt the

social make-up of the community.

• The existence of vices in the community causes

serious problem in law-enforcement.

• The younger members of the society are greatly

affected by vice problems and its control prevents
the growth of prospective criminals.
 THE EXISTENCE OF VICES IN THE SOCIETY

• The existence of vices in the society has been since

time immemorial.

• It dates back from the early days of civilization and

continued to exist through the Middle Ages and up
to the present.
• Despite of restrictions and prohibitions imposed
by the leaders of the changing generation, vice
has existed.

• In every community in the world, big or small,

there exists some form of vice which victimizes
the people.

• In the Philippines, vice exist in urban cities than in

the towns.
 REASONS WHY THE POLICE MUST BE INTERESTED IN VICE
PROBLEMS

It is a fact that vices cannot be totally

eliminated but only at most controlled or regulated.

Its course like the flow of water in a river

cannot be stopped.

Vices are connected with other forms of

criminal activities.
• Criminals are important customers of vice dens.

• It is the best place for hiding from policemen,

disposing off their loot (stolen properties), relief
and recreation and planning future crimes.

• Vice dens are often times the scene of frequent

fights that disturbs the peace of the community.
 Lesson 2

THE DIFFERENT FORMS

OF VICES
 ALCOHOLISM
• Is the state or condition of a person
produced by drinking intoxicating liquors
excessively and with habitual frequency.

• It is a condition wherein a person is under

the influence or intoxicated with alcohol.

• His physical condition and behavior has

been modified to a certain extent by the
effects of alcohol.
 LEGAL ASPECTS AND THE PROBLEM OF ALCOHOLISM

DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Alcoholic Liquor – is any beverages or compound

whether distilled fermented or otherwise which
will produce intoxicated or which contains in
excess of one percentum of alcohol and is used as
a beverage.
• Drunkard – is a person who habitually takes or
uses any intoxicating alcoholic liquor and while
under the influence of such, or in consequence of
the effect thereof , is either dangerous to himself
or to others or is a cause of harm or serious
annoyance to his family or his affair or of ordinary
proper conduct.

• He has lesser resistance to the effect of alcohol.

• Chronic Alcoholics – Person, who is from the
prolonged and excessive use of alcoholic
beverages, finally develops physical and psycho
changes and dependence to alcohol.

• The person consciously or unconsciously begins

to demand on alcohols narcotic effects for a pick-
up, to sleep at night, to feel “good”, to cope with
business or domestic problems, to enjoy social
gatherings, and to relieve distressing restlessness.
 HISTORICAL USE OF ALCOHOL

The commercial use of wine is at least as early as the

Code of Hummarabi of Babylonia (2380 BC).

In the Philippines, the use of alcohol dates back

even before the discovery of the island but no
established facts could show the actual use the same
started.
 WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF ALCOHOLISM

• People drink alcohol beverages habitually as a food

with their meals because they think liquor increases
their appetite and make the food taste better.

• Some believes that drinking liquor gives them a lift

because of the soothing effect of alcohol.

• Many believe that alcohol makes them feel sociable

because it lowers their inhibitions allowing them to
make under strained conversation.
• The unnecessary prescriptions of alcoholic
beverages as drug, is due to its depressant effects
such as retardation of assimilation, reduction of
circulation and decrease of respiration.

• Alcohol provides an escape from the unpleasant

realities of life.

• By drinking, one deadens the pain of failures,

anxieties, inferiorities, frustrations and bolsters
the battered ego.
• In our complex society, the use of alcohol is widely
accepted as a glamorizing symbol of success and
superiority.

• Sociologist fined the causes of drinking in culture

group relationships and social processes. They are
used for pleasurable purposes.

• Psychiatrists explained that alcoholism is a release

of represented homosexuality.
 DRUNKENESS AS A CRIME
Most nations in the world have laws making
drunkenness a criminal offense.

In the Philippines, drunkenness in itself is not a

crime because a person may drink to excess in the
privacy of his home or in the gaiety of a party and
commit no crime at all.
It is only when the drunken person exhibits his
condition publicly or disturbs, endangers or injured
others that he becomes an offender and therefore,
subject to arrest and punishment.

Drunkenness, however are considered

misdemeanor punishable by existing ordinances of
certain cities, towns and municipalities.
 THE LEGAL CONCEPT OF INTOXICATION AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY

The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines (Art. 15)

provides that intoxication is an alternative
circumstance.

An alternative circumstances is one which must

be taken into consideration as either MITIGATING
or AGRAVATING.
• In order that intoxication maybe considered as a
mitigating circumstances

– Intoxicating is not habitual

– Intoxication is not planned before the commission of
the crime

• Intoxication is an aggravating when it is habitual

or intentional.
 VARIOUS DEGREE OF INTOXICATION
• Slight Inebriation – there is reddening of the face.
– There is no sign of mental impairment, in coordination
and difficulty of speech.
• Moderate Inebriation – the person is
argumentative and overconfident.
– There is slight impairment of mental faculties, difficulty
of articulation, and loss of coordination of finer
movements.
– The face is flushed with digested eyeball.
– He is reckless and shows motor incoordination. The
person maybe certified by the doctor as being under
the influence of liquor.
• Drunk – the mind is confused, behavior is
irregular and the movement is uncontrolled.
– The speech is thick and uncoordinated. The behavior is
uncontrollable.
• Very drunk – the mind is confused and
disoriented.
– There is difficulty in speech and marked motor in
coordination and often walking is impossible.
• Coma – the subject is stupporous or in comatose
condition.
– Sometimes it is difficult to differentiate this condition
with other conditions having comma.
 GAMBLING
Is a game the result of which depends upon chance or
hazards.

• Two elements of Gambling

• Money
• Chance or Hazards

• Elements of Lottery
• Consideration
• Chance
• Prize
 Laws on Gambling
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1602 (PRESCRIBING STIFFER
PENALTIES ON ILLEGAL GAMBLING)
• Philippine Gambling Laws such as Articles 195-199 of the
Revised Penal Code (Forms of Gambling and Betting),
• R.A. 3063 (Horse racing Bookies),
• P.D. 449 (Cockfighting),
• P.D. 483 (Game Fixing),
• P.D. 510 (Slot Machines) in relation to Opinion Nos. 33 and
97 of the Ministry of Justice,
• P.D. 1306 (Jai-Alai Bookies) and other City and Municipal
Ordinances or gambling all over the country prescribe
penalties which are inadequate to discourage or stamp out
this pernicious activities;
 REPUBLIC ACT No. 9287

An Act Increasing The Penalties For Illegal Numbers

Games, Amending Certain Provisions Of Presidential
Decree No. 1602, And For Other Purposes.
 PROSTITUTION
The act of soliciting or accepting payment for
sexual inter course.
Causes of Prostitution
• Poor social background and personality
handicaps (Abnormality)
• Unfortunate sexual experience in or out of
Wedlock
• Contact with person whose business is
Prostitution
• Love for money and luxury
• Lack of social environment specially on religious
training
• Influence of contraceptives and preventive
treatment for VD
• Resort to support another vice such as gambling,
drug addiction and alcoholism
• Social causes such as broken family, anonymity of
city life and poverty
 Types of Prostitution
Street prostitution
• In street prostitution, the prostitute solicits
customers while waiting at street corners,
sometimes called "the track" by pimps and
prostitutes alike. They usually dress in skimpy,
provocative clothing, regardless of the weather.
• Window Prostitution
Window prostitution is a form of prostitution
that is fairly common in the Netherlands and
surrounding countries. The prostitute rents a
window plus workspace off a window operator for a
certain period of time, often per day or part of a day.
• Escorts

• Escort services may be distinguished from

prostitution or other forms of prostitution in that
sexual activities are often not explicitly advertised
as necessarily included in these services; rather,
payment is often noted as being for an escort's
time and companionship only, although there is
often an implicit assumption that sexual activities
are expected.
 In escort prostitution, the act takes place at the
customer's residence or hotel room (referred to as
out-call), or at the escort's residence or in a hotel
room rented for the occasion by the escort (called
in-call). The prostitute may be independent or
working under the auspices of an escort agency.
• Brothels
• Brothels are establishments specifically dedicated
to prostitution, often confined to special red-light
districts in big cities. Prostitution also occurs in
some massage parlours, and in Asian countries in
some barber shops where sexual services may be
offered as a secondary function of the premises.
• Sex tourism
Sex tourism is travel for sexual
intercourse with prostitutes or to engage in other
sexual activity.
• Virtual sex
Virtual sex, that is, sexual acts conveyed by
messages rather than physically, is also the subject
of commercial transactions. Commercial phone
sex services have been available for decades.

The advent of the Internet has made other

forms of virtual sex available for money, including
computer-mediated cybersex, in which sexual
services are provided in text form by way of chat
rooms or instant messaging, or audiovisually through
a webcam.
 Prostitution in the Philippines
Is illegal, although somewhat tolerated, with law
enforcement being rare with regards to sex
workers. Penalties range up to life imprisonment for
those involved in trafficking, which is covered by
the
Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003.
• Prostitution is available through bars, karaoke
bars (also known as KTVs), massage
parlors, brothels (also known as casa), street
walkers, and escort services.
• In 2013, it was estimated that there were up to
500,000 prostitutes in the Philippines, from a
population of roughly 97.5 million. Citing a 2005
study, Senator Pia S. Cayetano asserted in her
“Anti-Prostitution Act” (Senate Bill No. 2341
s.2010), that the number of people being
exploited in prostitution in the Philippines could
be as high as 800,000. The bill was reintroduced in
2013 as Senate Bill No. 3382, and in 2015 as
Senate Bill No. 2621.
 Prostitution in various Regions in the
Philippines
Prostitution caters to both local customers and
foreigners. Media attention tends to focus on those
areas catering to sex tourism, primarily through bars
staffed by bargirls. Cities where there is a high
incidence of prostitution are Olongapo
City, Angeles, Legazpi City in Albay, Pasay and Subic
Bay in Zambales, with the customers usually foreign
businessmen from East Asian and Western nations.
• Prostitution in Olongapo City and Angeles was highly
prominent during the time of the U.S. military in Subic
Bay Naval Base and Clark Air Base, respectively.
When Mount Pinatubo, a volcano, erupted in 1991, it
destroyed most of Clark Air Base and the United
States closed it down in 1992.
• Some of the associated prostitution trade closed with
it, but when the mayor of Manila, Alfredo Lim, closed
down the sex industry area of Ermita in Manila during
his first term starting in 1992, many of the businesses
moved to Angeles, finding a new customer base
among sex tourists.
• Other tourist areas such as Cebu have also developed
a high-profile prostitution industry.
 DRUG ADDICTION

Drug addiction, also called substance use

disorder, is a disease that affects a person's brain
and behavior and leads to an inability to control the
use of a legal or illegal drug or medication.
Substances such as alcohol, marijuana and
nicotine also are considered drugs. When you're
addicted, you may continue using the drug despite
the harm it causes.
 Lesson 3

DANGEROUS DRUGS: HISTORY,

CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS
EFFECTS
 DRUGS

• The term drug derives from the 14th century came

from French word drogue, which means a .

• Any chemically active substance rendering a

specific effect on the central nervous system of
man.
• A chemical substance that affects the functions of
living cells and alters body or mind processes
when taken into the body or applied through the
skin.
• Is a chemical substance that brings about physical,
emotional or behavioral change to a person
taking it.
• Any chemical substance, other than food, which is
intended for used in the diagnosis, treatment,
cure, mitigation or prevention of disease or
symptoms.
 History of Dangerous Drugs
• The story of drug abuse has deep roots in the
history of mankind. Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa)
is considered to be the world’s oldest cultivated
plant, some 9,000 years before the birth of
Christ. “ it has been in use ever since and
contagion spread from the near east, to Central
Asia, Africa, South America, and as far as Europe
to North America, India, Jamaica, Morocco,
Nepal, Mexico and Peru. OPIUM, originated in
4,000 years B.C. in the old kingdom of Samaria.
• ORACLES or Black Magic was supposedly
accomplished by means of “narcotics” – a coca
wine, of strong narcotic property which had
profound effects on the central nervous system
When drunk by the diviner it enables him to
communicate with supernatural powers

• The early American Indians too are believed to

use not only the stimulant tobacco but also
opium in their “Peace Pipes” .
• Indeed, Drug abuse has deep, roots in the history
of mankind
• Even in modern medical practice today, physicians
all over the world still consider narcotics as the
most effective pan reliever or “pain killer” known
in to man. In medical practice, narcotics is
administered either orally or by intramuscular
injection.

• Narkotikos”- Greek word meaning sleep

• In 1806, Friedrich Wilheim Serturner, a
pharmacist in Germany, experimented a white
powder which he found to be the basic cause of
the soporific properties of opium. He called this
new drug “morphium” Greek god of dreams,
Morpheus. Morphine was born :

• Opium did not originate in china. It was first

cultivated in the middle east and later in India,
and Pakistan then a province of India, Including
Afghanistan.
 Drug Abuse
• Is the overuse of a drug without due regard to
accepted medical practices resulting in the
individual’s physical, mental, emotional or
behavioral impairment.
• Beverages containing alcohol are drugs, coffee
containing caffeine is also drug and even
marijuana which you cannot find in any drug store
is also drug, since it causes significant changes in
the user.
 Drug abuse comes in many forms:

• The use of drugs without a physician prescription.

• The use of drugs in a dosage higher than that
prescribed by the physician.
• The use of drugs for a period longer than that
prescribed by the physician.
• The use of drugs for purposes other than that
which were prescribed for
• The use of drugs for which there is no legitimate
medical application
PERCEIVED REASONS FOR DRUG USE AND ABSTINENCE

• Peer pressure is perceived as the major cause

of initial drug use.

• Addiction and removing problems or tensions

is a major cause for continuous drug use.
 Drug User
• Another term for “drug addict”, which refers to
an individual who is dependent on a certain drug
or drugs.
Drug Dependence

• A compulsive behavior brought about by drug

abuse. It can either be “physical” or
“psychological”.
 Classification of Drugs
• According to origin:
• Natural - anything that comes from nature.
Ex. Plants (Marijuana,)

• Synthetic - anything that is produced artificially

or processed in the laboratory.
Ex. Shabu, Ecstacy,
 Types Dangerous Drugs

1. Depressants – drugs which decrease or depress

body functions and nerve activity. Example:
tranquilizer, valium.
– Tranquilizer refers to a drug which is designed for the
treatment of anxiety, fear, tension, agitation, and
disturbances of the mind, specifically to reduce states
of anxiety and tension.
– Valium is most often prescribed to relieve anxiety,
muscle spasms and seizures. It is also used to ease
uncomfortable symptoms of alcohol
withdrawal. Valium works by diminishing hyperactive
brain function to relieve severe stress and anxiety.
2. Narcotics – drugs which produce insensibility,
stupor, melancholy or dullness of mind with
delusions. Example: opium, heroine, codeine and
morphine.
– Opium- Refers to the flowering plant of the species
papaver somniferum. It is derived from the oriental
poppy plant which is grown in Asia and can also be found
in other areas such as Mexico. The plant displays a
beautiful flower that ranges in color from white to
purple.
– Opium – is the dried latex obtained from the opium
poppy (Papaver somniferum). Opium contains up to 12%
morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed
chemically to produce heroin. The latex also includes
codeine.
– Opium poppy, Papaver Somniferum, is the species of
plant from which opium and poppy seeds are derived.
Opium is the source of many narcotics, including
morphine (and its derivative heroin), thebaine,
codeine, papaverine and noscapine. The Latin
botanical name means the "sleep-bringing poppy“.
• Morphine- It is the most important alkaloids and
constitutes about 10 % of the use raw opium. It is
converted from raw opium through a relatively simple
boiling and filtering process. One of the most
significant development in history took place in the
early 19th century, when Friedrich Serturner, a German
scientist isolated morphine from opium.
– is a potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve
severe pain. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich
Serturner, first distributed by him in 1817, and first
commercially sold by Merck in 1827.
– It took its name from the Greek god of dreams Morpheus.
– The most abundant alkaloid found in Opium, the dried sap
(latex) derived from shallowly slicing the unripe seedpods
of the opium, or common and/or edible, poppy.
• Morphine can usually be found in tablet form, a
syrup, injection or as a suppository form.
• Morphine is usually taken orally via a syrup, tablet
or capsule, however, it can come in an injectable
form.
• Heroin- It is the most commonly abused narcotic
in the world. To produce heroin, the chemist takes
an equal amount of morphine and acetic
anhydride and heats them together for six hours. It
was discovered by Alder Wright (1896), a British
chemist. It promised to cure addiction from opium
and morphine. It is a white, odorless, crystalline
powder with a very bitter taste.
– is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring
substance extracted from the seed pod of certain
varieties of poppy plants.
– It is typically sold as a white or brownish powder or as
the black sticky substance known on the streets as
"black tar heroin”.
• Codeine- Also known as Methylmorphine. It is
similar to morphine , but its effect is weaker in
intensity. Cough preparations generally contain
one grain of codeine per fluid ounce. It is also
available in tablet or powder form. It was isolated
from morphine in the year 1832.

• Methadone- a synthetic narcotic used as

treatment of heroin dependence but also fallen
to abused.
• Effects of Narcotics
– Produced a short lived feeling of pleasure, euphoria
and a positive sense of well- being known as “thrill”,
“rush”, or “high”.
– Constrict pupil of the eye causing difficulty in vision.
– On a large dose, it causes nausea, vomiting, and
difficulty in breathing
– It induces sleep with a slow, shallow respiration.
– Overdose cause convulsion, followed by cessation of
respiration leading to death.
3. Stimulants – drugs which increase alertness
reduce hunger and provide a feeling of well-being.
Example: cocaine, amphetamines.

• Cocaine- The drug taken from the coca bush plant.

(Ertyroxylon coca) which usually grows in South
America. Cocaine, in its pure form, is also white
and made up of shiny, colorless crystal and
understably called “snow” in the junkie jargon.
• It is one of the strongest short acting stimulants.
• Amphetamines- usually prescribed to reduce
appetite and to relieve minor cases of mental
depression. This drug is representative of a broad
class of stimulants known as “pep pills”. The most
common and widely used preparations of the
drug are methamphetamine, amphetamine
sulfate, dextroamphetamine, which are known
and sold under such trade names as Benzedrine,
and Dexedrine. These drugs achieve their effect by
increasing the amount and activity of the
neurotransmitter (noradrenaline) within the brain
thus causing psychic effects.
• Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)- It
is commonly known as “Ecstasy” It is a white,
yellow or brown in color with a bitter taste and
comes in the form of either a tablet, capsule or
powder. Its tablet form comes in various designs
and shapes hence it is dubbed as “designer drugs”.
It was first became popular in the US as
recreational drug, followed later by European and
eventually gained popularity in other parts of the
world including in the Philippines. Owing to its
expensiveness, most abusers are categorized
among the elites, yuppies (young urban
professionals) and nocturnal party goers.
• Methamphetamine hydrochloride- Commonly
known as “shabu”. It is a white odorless and
crystalline powder with bitter taste. It is
popularly known as poor man’s cocaine.

• It is considered as the most abused stimulants in

the Philippines. At present, this chemical has no
known medically acceptable use.
• Effects of Stimulants (Amphetamines)
– Causes irritability, restlessness, hyperactivity, anxiety
etc.
– Impairs judgment and causes deep depression and
physical exhaustion after single dose of moderate
strength wears off.
– Causes undesirable, acute psychotic consequences
such as suspiciousness, hostility, persecutory delusions,
violent and destructive behavior and recklessness.
– Physiological effects like hypertension, chest pain,
irregular heart rate, convulsion and cardiac arrest
leading to death.
4. Hallucinogens – drugs capable of provoking
changes in sensation, thinking, self-awareness and
emotion, characterized by illusion, hallucination,
and delusions. Example: LSD, marijuana.
 Common Types of Hallucinogens

• Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)- a compound

produced from lysergic acid, a crystalline
substance derived from the fungus claviceps
purpurea which infects wheat.
• It was discovered by Dr. Albert Hoffman while
working in a Swiss Pharmaceutical company.
Known on the street as “acid”, it is the best
known and most potent hallucinogens.
• Mescaline- aka STP which stands for serenity-
tranquility- peace- a drug derived from the dried
tops of the peyote cactus, a small cactus native to
Mexico.
• Psilocybin- hallucinogenic compound obtained in
mushroom, psilocybe mexicana.
• Phencyclidine (PCP)- considered as a menace and
highly dangerous drug because it can be easily
synthesized, this drug has no medical purpose for
humans but it is occasionally used by
veterinarians as an anesthetic and sedative for
animals. It is popularly known as angel dust.
• Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa)- Marijuana is a
Mexican term meaning pleasurable feeling.
• It is a mixed preparation of the flowering tops,
leaves, seeds, and stem of the hemp plant.
• The plant may grow from 3 to 10 ft high.
• The flowering tops of both male and female plant
produce a sticky resin which contains
Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC.
• It is known as the world oldest cultivated drugs
used by the incas of Peru.
• Effects of Marijuana
– Faster heart beat and pulse rate
– Blood shot eye
– Dry mouth and throat
– Altered sense of time or disorientation
– Forgetfulness and inability to think
– Impaired reflexes/ coordination
– Acute panic – anxiety reaction- extreme fear of losing
control
• Field Test for Dangerous Drugs
– Marijuana- Duquenois- Levine test (Red)
– Shabu- Symone’s test (purple)
– LSD- Van urk test (Blue purple)
– Opium- Marquis Test (violet)
– Amphetamines- Marquis test ( red/ orange)
– Barbiturates- Dilli Koppanyi/ Zwikkers test (violet/
blue)
– Cocaine- Cobalt thiocynate (blue)
 Lesson 4
ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING
 DRUG TRAFFICKING

• Another term for Drug Trade.

• Refers to the illegal process through which narcotics and
other illegal drugs are produced, transported, and sold.
• The illegal drug trade is a global black market, dedicated
to cultivation, manufacturing, distribution, and sale of
drugs, which are subject to drug prohibition laws.
• The illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration,
dispensation, manufacture, sale, trading,
transportation, distribution, importation, exportation
and possession of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical.
• Generally refers to the sale and distribution of illegal
drugs.
• DRUG SYNDICATE- Any organized group of two (2) or
more persons of forming or joining together with
the intention of committing any offense prescribed
under R.A. 9165.

ILLICIT DRUGS: A HUGE GLOBAL MARKET

• The illicit drugs trade (also referred to as the illegal

drugs trade or drug trafficking) is one of the largest
global businesses, at some $322 billion, according to
the UN World Drug Report, 2007.
• It attracts criminal organizations because the
potential profits are significantly more than from
other criminal commodities.
 MAJOR DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE

MIDDLE EAST
Discovery, Plantation, Cultivation and
Harvest

TURKEY
Preparation for Distribution

EUROPE
Manufacture, Synthesis and Refinement
 GOLDEN TRIANGLE

• Golden Triangle where the borders of BURMA,

LAOS and THAILAND converge and where
approximately 60% of the world’s opium is
produced and 90% in the Eastern part of Asia.

• This routes spread to the United States by way of

Saigon, Bangkok, Philippines and Hong- Kong.
GOLDEN TRIANGLE
 GOLDEN CRESCENT
• In the Southwest Asia, countries such as IRAN,
AFGHANISTAN, PAKISTAN and INDIA popularly
known as the GOLDEN CRESCENT is another major
suppliers of Opium Poppy, Marijuana, and Heroin
products in the western part of Asia.
• It produces at least 85% to 90% of all illicit Heroin
channeled in the drug underworld market.

GOLDEN CRESCENT
 COLUMBIA

SILVER TRIANGLE

PERU BOLIVIA

TOP THREE LARGEST CULTIVATOR OF COCA BUSH

• Columbia
• Peru
• Bolivia
 ORGANIZED CRIME GROUP BEHIND THE
GLOBAL DRUG SCENE
1. COLOMBIAN MEDELLIN CARTEL (Spanish: Cartel
de Medellín)
• Founded in 1980 by Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria
and Drug Bosses Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha
and the Top aid barons Juan David and Ochoa
brothers, they were responsible for organizing
world’s drug trafficking network.
Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha
2. CALI CARTEL (Spanish: Cartel de Cali)
• Founded by Gilberto Rodriguez Orajuela, popularly
known as “Don Chepe”.
• Was a drug cartel based in southern Colombia, around
the city of Cali and the Valle del Cauca Department. Its
founders were the brothers Gilberto Rodríguez
Orejuela and Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela, and José
Santacruz Londoño. They broke away from Pablo
Escobar and his MEDELLIN associates in the late 1980s,
when Hélmer "Pacho" Herrera joined what became a
four-man executive board that ran the cartel.
• At the height of the Cali Cartel's reign from 1993-1995,
Gilberto Rodriguez Orajuela
3. NORTE DEL VALLE CARTEL (Spanish: Cártel del
Norte del Valle), or North Valley Cartel
• It is operated principally in the North Valle Del
Cauca region of Columbia. It rose to prominence
during the second half of the 1990s, after
the Cali and Medellín Cartels fragmented, and it
was known as one of the most powerful
organizations in the illegal drug trade.
• The first significant blow to be dealt to the Norte
del Valle Cartels internal membership came with
the arrest of Juan Carlos Montoya Sánchez,
brother to top Norte del Valle boss Diego
Montoya. Juan Carlos was arrested in December
2003 in Colombia and extradited to the United
States two years later on May 4, 2005 where he
was sentenced to 262 months in prison for drug
trafficking and money laundering.
• He was believed to be responsible for overseeing
the cartel's cocaine laboratories. Along with Juan
Carlos, Carlos Felipe Toro Sánchez, alias "Pipe",
was arrested.
• Diego León Montoya Sánchez-
Colombian former crime boss and leader of
the Norte del Valle drug cartel.
4. CHINESE TRIAD

• Otherwise known as the Chinese Mafia

• It is the oldest and the biggest criminal

organization in the world, and believed to be the
controller of the Golden Triangle with
international connection on drug trafficking.
 WORLDS DRUG SCENE

1. Beqaa Valley of Lebanon

– Drugs have a long tradition in the Beqaa Valley, from
the days of the Roman Empire until today cultivators
and tribal drug lords working with militias built up a
thriving cannabis trade. During the Lebanese Civil
War, cannabis cultivation was a major source of income
in the Beqaa valley, where most of the
country's hashish and opium was produced, a
multibillion-dollar industry fueling the agricultural
sector as well as political factions and organized crime.
2. Spain
– Major transshipment point for international drug
traffickers in Europe.
– Considered as the paradise of drug users in Europe.

3. South America (Columbia, Peru, Uruguay and

Panama)
– The principal sources of all cocaine supply in the
world.
– Robust production of all coca-plants sources of all the
cocaine drugs.
4. Mexico
– The number one producer of marijuana (Cannabis
Sativa) in the world.
5. Philippines
– Second to Mexico as to the production of marijuana.
– Major transhipment point for the worldwide
distribution of illegal drugs particularly shabu and
cocaine from Taiwan and South America.
6. India
– The center of the world’s drug map, leading to
rapid addiction among its people.
7. Indonesia
– The Northern Sumatra is the main cannabis growing
area.
– The Bali, is an important transshipment point on drugs
en route to Australia and New Zealand.

8. Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand

– The most favorable sites of drug distribution from the
Golden Triangle and other parts of Asia.
9. China
– Transit route for heroin from the Golden Triangle to
Hongkong.
– Epedra, plant is cultivated sources of the drug
Ephedrine which is the principal chemical for
producing shabu.
10. Hongkong
– The transshipment point of all forms of heroin in the
world.
11. Japan
– Major consumer of cocaine and shabu from U.S. and
Europe.
 DRUG SYNDICATE IN THE PHILIPPINES

• The Binondo-based Chinese syndicate has been

identified as the nucleus of Triad Society.

• The Bamboo Gang based on Taiwan, which is

influence of the Green Gang of the Chinese Triad
and the 14K, also of Chinese Triad.
 DANGEROUS DRUG TREND IN THE PHILIPPINES

Top Three Major Dangerous Drugs Abused in the

Philippines

1.Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)

2. Cannabis (Marijuana)
3. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or
Ecstasy)
 CULTIVATIONSITES OF MARIJUANA IN THE PHILIPPINES

• LUZON
– CAR, Region 1 and 2

• VISAYAS
– Region 7

• MINDANAO
– Region 10, 11, 12, and 13 and ARMM
 TRAFFICKING SITES OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Enters into the country through four major
avenues:
– The Seaports
– International Airports
– Mail and Parcel Services (Federal Express from
Hongkong)
– Vast expanses of the Philippine Coastline (Batanes,
Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Zambales, Aurora,
Quezon, and Mindoro, Masbate, Palawan, Sorsogon,
South Cotabato, Davao, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi).
CONSUMERS OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN THE PHILIPPINES

• 1.8 Million (Regular Users)

• 1.6 Million (Occasional Users)

LESSON 5
SALIENT FEATURES OF RA
NO.9165 Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165

AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE

DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002,

REPEALING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425,

OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS
DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED,
PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
 DEFINITION OF TERMS UNDER ARTICLE I
•Administer. Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any
person, with or without his/her knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or
other means, or of committing any act of indispensable assistance to a person
in administering a dangerous drug to himself/herself unless administered by a
duly licensed practitioner for purposes of medication.
•Board. Refers to the Dangerous Drugs Board under Section 77, Article IX of
this Act.
•Centers. Any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers for drug dependents
referred to in Section 75, Article VIII of this Act.
•Chemical Diversion. The sale, distribution, supply or transport of legitimately
imported, in-transit, manufactured or procured controlled precursors and
essential chemicals, in diluted, mixtures or in concentrated form, to any person
or entity engaged in the manufacture of any dangerous drug, and shall include
packaging, repackaging, labeling, relabeling or concealment of such
transaction through fraud, destruction of documents, fraudulent use of permits,
misdeclaration, use of front companies or mail fraud.
•Clandestine Laboratory. Any facility used for the illegal manufacture of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical.
•Confirmatory Test. An analytical test using a device, tool or equipment with a
different chemical or physical principle that is more specific which will validate and
confirm the result of the screening test.
•Controlled Delivery. The investigative technique of allowing an unlawful or
suspect consignment of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical, equipment or paraphernalia, or property believed to be
derived directly or indirectly from any offense, to pass into, through or out of the
country under the supervision of an authorized officer, with a view to gathering
evidence to identify any person involved in any dangerous drugs related offense,
or to facilitate prosecution of that offense.
•Deliver. Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or
otherwise, and by any means, with or without consideration.
•Den, Dive or Resort. A place where any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical is administered, delivered, stored for illegal
purposes, distributed, sold or used in any form.
•Drug Dependence. it is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive
phenomena of variable intensity, in which the use of psychoactive drug takes
on a high priority thereby involving, among others, a strong desire or a sense
of compulsion to take the substance and the difficulties in controlling
substance-taking behavior in terms of its onset, termination, or levels of use.
•Employee of Den, Dive or Resort. — The caretaker, helper, watchman,
lookout, and other persons working in the den, dive or resort, employed by the
maintainer, owner and/or operator where any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical is administered, delivered, distributed, sold or
used, with or without compensation, in connection with the operation thereof.
• Financier. Any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, or
underwrites any of the illegal activities prescribed under this Act.

• Laboratory Equipment. The paraphernalia, apparatus, materials or

appliances when used, intended for use or designed for use in the
manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical, such as reaction vessel, preparative/purifying
equipment, fermentors, separatory funnel, flask, heating mantle, gas
generator, or their substitute.
• Planting of Evidence. The willful act by any person of maliciously and
surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or attaching directly or indirectly,
through any overt or covert act, whatever quantity of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in the person, house,
effects or in the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose of
implicating, incriminating or imputing the commission of any violation of this
Act.

•Protector/Coddler. Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the

unlawful acts provided for in this Act and uses his/her influence, power or
position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of any
person he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has
violated the provisions of this Act in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and
conviction of the violator.
•Pusher. Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispenses, delivers or
gives away to another, on any terms whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in
transit or transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any of such
transactions, in violation of this Act.
•Protector/Coddler. Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the
unlawful acts provided for in this Act and uses his/her influence, power or
position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of any
person he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has
violated the provisions of this Act in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and
conviction of the violator.
•Pusher. Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispenses, delivers or
gives away to another, on any terms whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in
transit or transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any of such
transactions, in violation of this Act.
SEC. 5. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery,
Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.

• The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine

ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall sell, trade, administer, dispense,
deliver, give away to another, distribute, dispatch in
transit or transport any dangerous drug, including any
and all species of opium poppy regardless of the
quantity and purity involved, or shall act as a broker
in any of such transactions.
 SEC. 6. Maintenance of a Den, Dive or
Resort.

•The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a

fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person
or group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive
or resort where any dangerous drug is used or
sold in any form.
• The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12)
years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person or group
of persons who shall maintain a den, dive, or resort
where any controlled precursor and essential chemical
is used or sold in any form.

• The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to

twenty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine ranging
from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to
Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who acts as a
“protector/coddler” of any violator of the provisions
under this Section.
 SEC. 11. Possession of Dangerous
Drugs.
•The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging
from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten
million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any
person, who, unless authorized by law, shall possess any
dangerous drug in the following quantities, regardless of the
degree of purity thereof:
•10 grams or more of opium;
•10 grams or more of morphine;
•10 grams or more of heroin;
•10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
•50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or
“shabu”;
•10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
•500 grams or more of marijuana; and
•10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not
limited to, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or
“ecstasy”, paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA),
trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD),
gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and those similarly designed or
newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any
therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond
therapeutic requirements, as determined and promulgated by the
Board in accordance to Section 93, Article XI of this Act.
 SEC. 15. Use of Dangerous Drugs.
• A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive
for use of any dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be
imposed a penalty of a minimum of six (6) months
rehabilitation in a government center for the first offense,
subject to the provisions of Article VIII of this Act.

• If apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second time,

he/she shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging from
six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve (12) years and a fine
ranging from Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) to Two
hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00):

• Provided, That this Section shall not be applicable where the

person tested is also found to have in his/her possession
such quantity of any dangerous drug provided for under
Section 11 of this Act, in which case the provisions stated therein
shall apply.
 LESSON 6

Drug Prevention
Programs and Law
Enforcement Efforts
 The Anti-Drug Strategy

•Drug supply reduction efforts involving aggressive

law enforcement and prosecution with strong
adherence to the rule of law and observance of human
rights, coupled with comprehensive demand reduction
initiatives and supported by strong international ties.
 Components of the Anti-Drug Strategy

Drug Supply Reduction

Take away drugs from the public through

market denial operations and prevention of
diversion from the licit to illicit market; and reduce
the proliferation of illegal drugs through sustainable
alternative development programs.
 Law Enforcement

In order to fully support the government’s anti-drug

campaign, the Philippine National Police
launched its PNP Anti-Illegal Drugs Campaign
Plan: Double Barrel. Implemented in a two-
pronged approach, this is the centerpiece of PNP’s
campaign against illegal drugs.
 The lower barrel is dubbed as Project Tokhang
(ToktokHangyo), a Visayan composite term that
stands for knock (Toktok) and plead (Hangyo).

 The upper barrel, which is the Project HVT (High

Value Target), is a sustained anti-illegal drugs
police operation that includes buy-busts, service of
search and arrests warrants, manhunts, raids, and
checkpoints against High Value and Street Level
Targets involved in trafficking and selling of illicit
drugs.
 Drug Demand Reduction

Take people away from the lure of drug abuse

through policy formulation, preventive education,
research, treatment, rehabilitation and reintegration;
provision of alternative development programs and
forging cooperation with regional and international
agencies and counterparts.
 Lesson 7

DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD AND

PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY ORGANIZATION AND
FUNCTIONS
 Dangerous Drugs Board
• The Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) is a
government agency tasked in creating policies in
dealing with illegal drugs in the Philippines.

• At the time the Republic Act 6425, also known as

the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, was approved
on March 30, 1972, there are 20 thousand drug
users and marijuana is the most preferred illegal
drug among users in the country. The board was
established on November 14, 1972 under the
Office of the President after the proclamation
of Martial Law in the country by then
President Ferdinand Marcos.
 The DDB was mandated to be the policy-
making and coordinating agency as well as the
national clearing house on all matters
pertaining to law enforcement and control of
dangerous drugs; treatment and rehabilitation
of drug dependents; drug abuse prevention,
training and information; research and statistics
on the drug problem and the training of
personnel engaged in these activities.
COMPOSITION
Seven national agencies in the country initially formed part of
the Dangerous Drugs Board.
These are the:
1. Department of Health (DOH)
2. Department of Social Service and Development (now Department
of Social Welfare and Development) (DSWD)
3. Department of Education, Culture and Sports (now Department of
Education) (DEP ED)
4. Department of Justice (DOJ)
5. Department of National Defense (DND)
6. Department of Finance and the; (DOF)
7. National Bureau of Investigation. (NBI)
 The membership of the board was expanded through the
Republic Act 9165.
Through the law the:
1. Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)
2. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
3. Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)
4. Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
5. National Youth Commission, and the;
6. Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency which was recently
established at the time became members of the DDB (PDEA)
 Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency
PDEA
The Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency (PDEA) ; Filipino: Ahensiya ng
Pilipinas sa Pagpapatupad ng Batas Laban
sa Bawal na Gamot)- is the lead anti-drug law
enforcement agency, responsible for preventing,
investigating and combating any dangerous
drugs, controlled precursors and essential
chemicals within the Philippines.
 •The agency is tasked with the enforcement of the penal
and regulatory provisions of Republic Act No. 9165 (R.A.
9165), otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002.

•PDEA is the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drugs

Board (DDB). The DDB is the policy-making and strategy-
formulating body in the planning and formulation of policies
and programs on drug prevention and control. PDEA and DDB
are both under the supervision of the Office of the President of
the Philippines.
• Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo signed the Republic Act No. 9165, or the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, on
June 7, 2002 and it took effect on July 4, 2002.

• The R.A. 9165 defines more concrete courses of

action for the national anti-drug campaign and
imposes heavier penalties to offenders.
National Office

PDEA is headed by a Director General (DG) with

the Cabinet rank of Undersecretary, who is responsible for the
general administration and management of the agency.

The Director General is assisted by two Deputies

Director General with the rank of Assistant Secretary:
• (DDGA) Deputies Director General for Administration
• (DDGA) Deputies Director General for Operations
 Lesson 8

Philippine National Police

Drug Enforcement Unit,
Structure and Functions.
 Philippine National Police Drug
Enforcement Unit (PNP DEG)

Organizational Structure
Director
 DEPUTY Director For Administration
 Deputy Director For Operations
 Chief Of Staff
Support
 Admin And Resourse Management Division
 Intel And Foreign Liason Division

Staff
Operations And Plans Devision
 Deman Reduction And Education Division
 Legal And Investigative Devision
Functions:
 Conduct all-out and sustained operations against
national and international syndicates and personalities
engaged in production, importation and trafficking of
illegal drugs, in support to Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency (PDEA);
 Investigate and assist in the prosecution of perpetrators
in violation of Republic Act No. 9165;
 linkages with other law enforcement agencies,
foreign counterparts and strengthen community
participation in the fight against illegal drug
menace;
 Develop plans, programs, operating standards
and administrative measures to promote the
objectives and functions of the PNP-DEG
 Develop and maintain relevant database; and
 Perform other tasks as directed by the Chief,
PNP. Maintain