ENGLISH (S7)-II

SYLLABUS
ENGLISH (S7)-II
(STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MODERN ENGLISH-II)
Semantics:
1. The terms ‘Semantics’ and‘ Meaning’
2. Seven types of meanings (conceptual, connotative, stylistic,
affective, reflected, collocative and thematic)
3. No &Lexical relations (homonymy, homophony, polysemy, metonymy)
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4. Components and contrast of meaning (synonym, antonym,

hyponymy, prototype)
5. Entailment
TYBA - VI (Mr. Meharaj Shaikh)
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LEVELS OF LINGUISTICS
1) Phonology:
i. Speech mechanism (the organs of speech)
ii. The description of speech sounds
iii. Phonemes and allophones
iv. Word accent
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LEVELS OF LINGUISTICS
Phonemic Transcription:
i. Transcription of words,
ii. Sentence accent and weak forms
iii. Transcription short sentences,

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LEVELS OF LINGUISTICS
2) Morphology
i. Morphemes
ii. Allomorphs
iii. Process of Word Formation

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LEVELS OF LINGUISTICS
3) Syntax:
i. Sentence Formation
ii. Sentence Structure
iii. Types of Sentence s

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LEVELS OF LINGUISTICS
4) Semantics:
i. Study of literal meaning
ii. Seven types of meaning
iii. Lexical relation s

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TYBA - VI (Mr. Meharaj Shaikh)

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LEVELS OF LINGUISTICS
5) Pragmatics:
i. Study of associated/implied/suggested meaning
ii. Key terms in Pragmatics

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TYBA - VI (Mr. Meharaj Shaikh)

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ENGLISH (S7)-II

LEVELS OF LINGUISTICS
1) Phonology
2) Morphology
3) Syntax
4) Semantics
5) Pragmatics
Course Name - Sem (Faculty Name)
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TYBA - VI (Mr. Meharaj Shaikh)

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ENGLISH (S7)-II

PHONOLOGY

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Semantics
Linguistics is systematically studied in phonology, morphology,
syntax, semantics, and the newly flourished discipline of pragmatics.
Phonology and morphology are related to the study of sounds,
formation of words respectively. Syntax is the study of linguistic
format and how they are placed in a sequence It is the study of
relationships between linguistic forms and entities in the world : that
is,No how
& Unit Name words literally connect to things. (Yule : 1996) There are
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some subareas of semantics. They are lexical semantics and

statistical semantics. Lexical semantics is the study of how and what
the words of language denote.
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ENGLISH (S7)-II

Semantics
Semantics is mainly concerned with the meaning of words, phrases
and sentences without any reference to the context whereas
pragmatics deals with the meaning of the utterances in the context.
In Semantics, the rules of Grammar Morphology and Phonology play
an important role, whereas Pragmatics is governed by the Principles
of Cooperation and Politeness.
According to Chartes W. Morn’s, pragmatics tries to understand the
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relationship between sign and sense, while Semantics tends to focus

on actual objects or ideas that a word refers to, and Syntax examines
the relationships between signs.
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ENGLISH (S7)-II

Semantics
The term ‘Semantics’ tends to be restricted to properties of sentences that remain
constant as long as the same language is concerned, while values vary from context
to context. For example, the expression “local flora and fauna” has the meaning
regardless of where it is used, but its extension varies from one context to another.
So, we may say that the extension of ‘local flora and fauna’ is pragmatically
determined.
Literal meaning of the sentence is semantically encoded by the sentence while
Pragmatics
Course includes
Name - Sem (Faculty Name) the things people can do with words or sentences that go
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beyond the literal meaning of the expression involved. For instance, the sentence
‘John goes to school in time', means exactly what it says. But parent asks the
schoolmaster ‘Is Jim a good boy? and after a long pause if the school master utters
the above sentence, it conveys the information that the (boy) may not be really good.

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THANK
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YOU
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