Welcome

To My Presentation
Presentation Topic
SEDIMENTARY
ROCK

PRESENTED BY
Name : Md Sakib Chowdhury
ID No : CEN 02806901
Batch: 28th
 INTRODUCTION
 Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the
accumulation or deposition of mineral organic particles at Earth’s
surface, followed by cementation.

 The particles that form a sedimentary rock are called sediment,

and may be composed of geological detritus (minerals) or
biological detritus (organic matter).
 FORMATION of
SEDIMENTARY ROCK

 Sedimentary rocks forms at near the

surface, when sediments are pressed
and cemented together, or when
minerals form from solutions.

 Sedimentary rocks often form as

layers, Strata.

 The process by which sediment

becomes sedimentary rock as known
as Lithification.
 CLASSIFICATION
 Clastic Rocks : Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing minerals
and rock. Example:

1. Conglomerate
2. Breccia
3. Sandstone
4. Siltstone
5. Shale
 CLASSIFICATION
 Based on Chemical Composition: Identification of minerals becomes difficult when
the grain size becomes too fine. Therefore, chemical analysis becomes necessary.
On the basis of chemical composition, these rocks are sub divided into following:

1. Siliceous Deposits: Silica is the chief constituent.

2. Carbonate Deposits: These are precipitated from carbonate rich waters under
different conditions.
3. Ferruginous Deposits: These are mostly iron carbonate deposits.
4. Phosphatic Deposits: These are composed of phosphate minerals.
 CLASSIFICATION
 Based on Size and Shape of Grains: The grain size of sedimentary rocks is
parameter used for classification of sedimentary rocks. These are:

1. Rudaceous: These are characterised by presence of extremely large constituents.

2. Arenaceous: They are the most commonly developed group among all the
sedimentary rocks.
3. Argillaceous: They are rock composed of grain sizes below or finer than 1/16mm.
 CLASSIFICATION
 Based on Mode of Origin: Sedimentary rocks based on their mode and mechanism
of accumulation and consolidation, have been classified into four broad groups:

1. Residual sediments
2. Mechanical Sediments
3. Chemical Sedimentary rocks
4. Organic Sedimentary rocks
 TEXTURE
 The texture of a sedimentary rock refers to the size, shape and arrangement of the grains or
particles that make up the rock. There are several common textures found in sedimentary
rock :

1. Clastic Texture
2. Crystalline Texture
3. Bioclastic Texture
4. Oolatic Texture
5. Fossiliferous Texture
 USES IN ENGINEERING

 Sedimentary rocks have various uses in Civil Engineering due to their physical and
mechanical properties. Some important uses are:

1. Construction Materials
2. Fill Material
3. Foundation Stones
4. Dimension Stones
5. Road Base and Subbase
6. Dam Construction
 CONCLUSION

 Sedimentary rocks form a

 Sedimentary rocks form a
major chunk of the earth’s
major chunk of the earth’s
surface and very crucial for
surface and very crucial for
human beings as all the
human beings as all the
work is done on the surface
work is done on the surface
because they reside where.
because they reside where.