Bi ging V phng trnh mt phng

Mc tiu * Kin thc: - Hiu c khi nim vct php tuyn ca mp - Bit c PTTQ ca mp * K nng: - Xc nh c vct php tuyn ca mp

(SGK nng cao 12)

- bit cch vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng * T duy, thi - Pht trin t duy tng tng trong khng gian - Nhy bn trong suy lun, chnh xc trong s dng cng thc - Nghim tc trong tip thu v vn dng nhng kin thc mi

phng trnh ca mt phng

r n
M

z
M0

O x
4/29/2012

T Ton trng THPT Tn Tro

1. Vect php tuyn ca mt phng

r r 0 Vect n khc vect
a. nh ngha:
c gi l mt vect php tuyn ca mt phng ()n nm trn ng thng vung nu . gc vi mt phng ()

Em hy c nh ngha SGK trang 82 v in vo ch trng .

1. Vect php tuyn ca mt phng

a. nh ngha: trang 83 SGK

r A. Vect u

Mt mt phng c v s vect php tuyn

r n B. Ch c vect

l vtpt ca ()

()C hai vect C. n vtpt ca ().

l vtpt ca

r u

u r v m

r n u r m

D. C ba vect trn l vtpt ca ().

Em hy quan st vo hnh v v chn phVy theo em mt mt phng c bao nhiu vec t php tuyn? ng n ng

1. Vect php tuyn ca mt phng

r Trong khng gian cho im v mt vectn

M0 Mt phng nh nu bit() hon ton c xc mt im thuc n v mt vect php tuyn ca n.

r n

M0

Theo em c tn ti mt mt phng i qua M0 v vung gc vi vect trn khng? Nu c th c bao nhiu mt phng nh th?

1. Vect php tuyn ca mt phng

ni trn cn gi l cp vect ch phng ca mt phng ().

r Hai vect a

b) Ch :

Hai vect khng cng phng v cng song

r v b

hoc nm trn ()

r b

r a

Bng trc quan em c nhn xt g v quan h gia vect a, vect b v ()?

1. Vect php tuyn ca mt phng

p s: Hnh 2 v hnh 3

r b r a

Em hy cho bit hnh no mt phng () c cp vect ch phng?

r b

Hnh 1

r a

Hnh 2

r b

r a

Hnh

1. Vect php tuyn ca mt phng

r r r t n = [a, b]

r n

r b

r a

r rr r r rr r r r Gi : [an ^ ^ a v n ^ bb ^ b Tr li: , b] a v [a, ]

rr Vy em c nhn xtr g v quan h n Em c nhn xt g v quan h gian r gia vect vi hai vect v ? a b
v mt phng ()?

1. Vect php tuyn ca mt phng

b) Ch :

ni trn cn gi l cp vect ch phng ca mt phng r r (). r n = [a, b] l mt vect php tuyn ca () .

r Hai vect a

r v b

r b

r n

r a

nu l ba VythngA, B, Ctrong im khng hng mt phng () th r uur uuu r

r n
A

B C

n = [ AB, AC ]

l mt vect php tuyn ca () .

2. Phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng

a. Bi ton: Trong h to Oxyz cho mt r phng (). M0(x0;y0;z0) n l mt vect php tuyn ca () () Tm iu kin im M z M0

r n
M

Gii: Gi s M r (x; y; z). M () uuuuu = r uuuuu r r M 0 M ^ n M 0 M .n = 0

( )

A(x x0) + B(y y0) + C(z z0) = 0

(*) trin ri t D = -(Ax0 + By0 + Cz0) ta c phng Khai trnh: Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 (1)

2. Phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng

*. nh l: SGK/ 83 b) nh ngha Phng trnh dng: Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 vi A2 + B2 + C2 0 c gi l phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng. c) Ch r Nu mt phng () qua im M0(x0;y0;z0) v c ( A; B; C) n = vtpt

th phng trnh ca n l:

A(x x0) + B(y y0) + C(z z0) = 0 Nu mt phng () l mt phng c phg trnh: r Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 thn = ( A; B : C ) l mt vtpt ca n.

3.Cc trng hp ring ca phng trnh tng qut Em hy c SGK trang 84 ri la chn phng trnh mt phng ct A sao cho ph hp vi kt lun ct B: Ct A Ct B 1. Ax+ By + Cz = 0 2. By + Cz + D = 0 3. Ax + Cz + D = 0 a. Song song vi trc Ox hoc cha trc Ox b. Song song vi mp Oxy hoc trng vi mp Oxy c. i qua gc to

4. Cz + D = 0

d. Song song vi trc Oz hoc cha trc Oz e. Song song vi trc Oy hoc cha trc Oy

V d: 1 - c

3.Cc trng hp ring ca phng trnh tng qut Em hy c SGK trang 84 ri cho bit trong cc PT sau, PT no l PT mt phng i qua 3 im A=(1; 0; 0), B=(0; -2; 0) v C= (0; 0; 5):

A) B) C)

x y z + + = 0 1 - 2 5 x y z + + =1 1 - 2 5 x y z + + =1 1 2 5

Phng trnh dng c gi l phng trnh theo on chn ca mt phng.

4. V d

Tm tt r n (A Nu mt phng () qua im M0(x0;y0;z0) v c=vtpt; B; C ) th phng trnh ca n l: A(x x0) + B(y y0) + C(z z0) = 0 Nu mt phng () l mt phng c phg trnh:

r Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 th = ( A; B; C ) n

l mt vtpt ca n.

V d 1:Vit phng trnh mt phng qua im P = (1; -2 ; 3) v song r song vi mt phng 2x 3y + z + 5 = 0.

Gii

n = (2;- 3;1)
2x 3y + z + 5 = 0

Mt phng cn tm song song vi mt phng 2x 3y + z + 5 = 0 nn n c r mt vtpt l: n = (2;- 3;1) Vy phng trnh ca n l: 2(x 1) 3(y + 2) + z 3 = 0. hay 2x 3y + z 11 = 0

4 v d
V d 2:

Vit phng trnh mt phng qua ba im P = (1; 0; 0), Q = (0; 2: 0) v R = (0; 0; 3)

4. V d
V d 3:

Vit phng trnh mt phng trung trc ca on thng AB, bit A = (1;2;-2), B = (1; 2; 1)
Gii

Gi I l trung im ca on thng AB th: + 1 3 + 2 - 2 + 1 1 5 1 I= ( ; ; ) = (1; ;- ) 2 2 2 2 2 A Mt phng trung trc ca AB i qua I v vung gc vi ng thng AB nn c uur th chn: = (0;- 1;3) AB lm vtpt php tuyn ca n. Vy PT ca n l: 5 1 0( x - 1) - 1( y - ) + 3( z + ) = 0 2 2 hay - y + 3z + 4 = 0.