CHE 132LE: Chemical

Principles II Lab

Converting Concentrations to Different

Units
To calculate the number of moles in a
solution given the molarity
• How many moles of potassium chloride (KCl) are in
4.0 L of a 0.65 M solution?
• ci=niVci=niV
• 0.65 M=ni4.0 L0.65 M=ni4.0 L
• ni=(0.65 M)(4.0 L)=2.6 moles KClni=(0.65 M)
(4.0 L)=2.6 moles KCl
• There are 2.6 moles of KCl in a 0.65 M solution that
occupies 4.0 L.
Calculating Mass Given Molality
• We can also use molality to find the amount of a
substance in a solution. For example, how much acetic
acid, in mL, is needed to make a 3.0 m solution
containing 25.0 g of KCN?
• First, we must convert the sample of KCN from grams to
moles:
• moles KCN=25.0g×(1 moles/65.1g)=0.38 moles
Calculating Mass Given Molality
• The moles of KCN can then be used to find the kg of
acetic acid. We multiply the moles by the reciprocal of
the given molality (3.0 moles/kg) so that our units
appropriately cancel. The result is the desired mass of
acetic acid that we need to make our 3 m solution:
• 0.38 moles KCl×( kg acetic acid/3.0 moles KCl)=0.12 kg
acetic acid
Calculating Mass Given Molality
• Once we have the mass of acetic acid in kg, we convert
from kg to grams: 0.12 kg is equal to 120 g. Next, we use
the density of acetic acid (1.05 g/mL at 20 oC) to convert
to the requested volume in mL. We must multiply by the
reciprocal of the density to accomplish this:
• 120.0 g acetic acid×(mL/1.05g)=114.0 mL acetic acid120.0 g
acetic acid×(mL/1.05g)=114.0 mL acetic acid
• Therefore, we require 114 mL of acetic acid to make a 3.0
m solution that contains 25.0 g of KCN.
Calculating Mass Given Molality
• In chemistry, the mole fraction, xi, is defined as the
amount of moles of a constituent, ni, divided by the
total amount of moles of all constituents in a
mixture, ntot:
• Xi =ni/ntot
• Mole fractions are dimensionless, and the sum of all
mole fractions in a given mixture is always equal to 1.