Mizoram And

Tripura
- Aditya Khandelwal
Mizoram Political Party
• Politics in Mizoram takes place in a multi-party
democratic framework, within the overall context of the
national Politics of India. It has 1 parliamentary seats
only. Politics in Mizoram is dominated by two political
fronts: the Mizo National Front and the
Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee, part of
Indian National Congress. These two parties have
alternated in power since 1972. Other regional parties
are:
• Ephraim Israel National Convention
• Mizoram People's Conference
• Zoram People's Movement
• Maraland Democratic Front
Mizo National Front
• The Mizo National Front (abbr. MNF) is a regional
political party in Mizoram, India. MNF emerged from
the Mizo National Famine Front, which was formed
by Pu Laldenga to protest against the inaction of the
Indian central government towards the famine situation
in the Mizo areas of the Assam state in 1959. It staged
a major uprising in 1966, followed by years of
underground activities. In 1986, it signed the
Mizoram Accord with the Government of India,
renouncing secession and violence. The MNF then
began contesting elections and has formed state
government in Mizoram three times. It is currently the
state's ruling party, with its president, Zoramthanga, as
the Chief Minister of Mizoram.[2]
• After the 1987 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election,
Laldenga became Chief Minister, but soon lost power due to
defections in the party.[9] In the resulting election, the
Congress won, and the MNF would be in opposition until
1998. In 1990, Laldenga died, and was replaced by his
former secretary and Finance Minister, Zoramthanga. In
1998 and 2003 MNF won the state assembly elections, and
Zoramthanga was chief minister for 10 years.[13] In the 2003
elections MNF won 21 out of 40 seats in the state assembly,
and got 132 505 votes (31.66%).[14] The party was routed by
the Congress in the 2008 state election, winning just 3 seats.
[15]
It contested the 2013 state elections in alliance with the
Mizoram People's Conference, and won 5 seats to the
Congress's 34.[2] In the 2018 state assembly elections, the
MNF won 26 seats and returned to government.
Mizoram People's Conference
• The Mizoram People's Conference was a regional
political party in Mizoram, India. It was formed by Brig
Thenphunga Sailo on 17 April 1975.[2] Ṭhenphunga was the
party chairman and Chief Minister of Mizoram from 1979 to
1984, and an army officer and then a human rights activist
before starting his political party.
• Following the MPC's defeat in 1984, it was the main opposition
party for the next two decades.[2] In the 1998 assembly
elections, it won 12 seats.[2] However, in the 2003 elections, the
party won only three seats, a number which fell to two in the
2008 elections and one in 2013.[2] It ultimately won four seats in
the 2018 election and their MLA quit to join ZPM.[2][3] MPC was
the third largest party in Mizoram for three decades. It merged
with the
People's Representation for Identity and Status of Mizoram
party as the Peoples' Conference Party.[2]
Literacy And Education in
Mizoram
• Education in Mizoram consists of a diverse array of
formal education systems ranging from elementary to
university, from training institution to technical courses. The
Government of India imposes mandatory education at least
up to the basic level. For this public schools are made free of
fees, and provided with free textbooks and school lunch.[1][2]
• The first formal education was started in 1894 by two British
Christian Missionaries at Aizawl. They taught only two select
students whom they could trust for further teaching and their
own evangelism. The first government school was started in
1897 at Aizawl. The first middle school opened in 1906, and
secondary school in 1944. The first higher education institute
Pachhunga University College was started in 1958. The first
university Mizoram University was established in 2001 by the
University Grants Commission of India.
Tripura Political Party
• The politics of Tripura, a state in Northeast India, has been
dominated by the Communist Party of India (Marxist), the
Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party. As
of 2020, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is the ruling party
in the states's legislative assembly and also won the two
parliamentary constituencies in 2019 Indian general election.
As of 2021, the All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) has
entered the political area of Tripura. It secured more than
20% votes in the 2021 Agartala Municipal Elections securing
the position of runner up ahead of the CPI-M. It also secured
the position of runner up in several other wards around the
state garnering nearly 17% of votes all around the state.
Ashish Das an MLA from the BJP has defected to the AITC.
National Liberation Front of Tripura

• The National Liberation Front of Tripura (abbreviated NLFT) is a Tripuri

nationalist militant organisation based in Tripura, India. It has an estimated
550 to 850 members.
• The NLFT seeks to secede from India and establish an independent
Tripuri state, and is an active participant in the
Insurgency in Northeast India.
• The NLFT was originally started by Dhananjoy Reang in March of 1989.
Reang was removed from his position by a coup in 1993.[18] After the coup,
the group was briefly led by Nayanbasi Jamatiya, and then Biswamohan
Debbarma took command, but some continued to follow Nayanbasi.
• Cited causes of internal conflicts[2] include the reluctance of Biswamohan
Debbarma's Central Executive Committee to nominate Joshua Debbarma
as the King of ‘Tripura Kingdom’; misappropriation of funds by senior
leaders; lavish lifestyles led by the senior leadership; and
forcible conversion of tribal cadres/civilians to Christianity.
• Other leaders of the original NLFT included ‘Vice President’ Kamini
Debbarma, ‘Publicity Secretary’ Binoy Debbarma, ‘Chief of Army’ Dhanu
Koloi, and ‘Finance Secretary’ Bishnu Prasad Jamatiya.
Economy Of Tripura
• Tripura's gross state domestic product for 2010–11 was ₹129.47
billion (US$1.7 billion) at constant price (2004–05),[71] recording
5.71% growth over the previous year. In the same period, the GDP
of India was ₹48,778.42 billion (US$650 billion), with a growth rate
of 8.55%.[71] Annual per capita income at current price of the state
was ₹38,493 (US$510), compared to the national per capita
income ₹44,345 (US$590).[72] In 2009, the
tertiary sector of the economy (service industries) was the largest
contributor to the gross domestic product of the state, contributing
53.98 percent of the state's economy compared to 23.07 percent
from the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, mining) and 22.95
percent from the secondary sector (industrial and manufacturing).
[72]
According to the Economic Census of 2005, after agriculture,
the maximum number of workers were engaged in retail trade
(28.21% of total non-agricultural workforce), followed by
manufacturing (18.60%), public administration (14.54%), and
education (14.40%).[73]
Literacy and Education in
TRIPURA
• Education in Tripura, a state in Northeast India, is provided by both the
public sector and the private sector. On 8 September 2013, the literacy rate
of Tripura was declared to be 94.65%, which is the highest among all
states of India.
• Tripura schools are run by the state government or by private
organisations, including religious institutions. Instruction is mainly in
English or Bengali, though Kokborok and other tribal languages are also
used. The schools are affiliated with the
Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) , the
Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) , the
National Institute of Open School (NIOS) or the
Tripura Board of Secondary Education .[3] Under the 10+2+3 plan, after
completing secondary school, students typically enroll for 2 years in a
junior college, also known as pre-university, or in schools with a higher
secondary facility affiliated with the Tripura Board of Secondary Education
or any central board. Students choose from one of three streams, namely
liberal arts, commerce or science.[3] Upon completing the required
coursework, students may enroll in general or professional degree
programs.
Thank You