F E B R U A RY 2 0 2 4

NSTP II

CLASSIFICATION OF
POLLUTION RE P O R T

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TABLE OF CONTENT
2 AIR POLLUTION

3 WAT E R P O L L U T I O N

4 S O L I D WA S T E A N D L A N D P O L L U T I O N

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CLASSIFICA
TION OF
POLLUTION
Environmental pollution poses a significant threat to our planet
today, affecting countries worldwide regardless of their level of
development. It encompasses contamination of essential elements
such as air, water, and food due to industrialization and
modernization. This pollution detrimentally impacts the quality of
life for animals, plants, and humans, leading to the emergence of
diseases. Essentially, environmental pollution disrupts the natural
functioning of the environment both physically and biologically.

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 AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is a type of environmental pollution that occurs when harmful
substances are emitted into the air.

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 MAJOR TYPES OF AIR
POLLUTION
Air pollution has emerged as a global issue, posing significant health
risks and potential fatalities if not addressed. In Metro Manila, air
pollution has reached concerning levels, with total suspended
particles (TSP) exceeding PM-10 standards by five times and lead
levels surpassing World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines by
more than double.

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 1.) Outdoor air pollution arises from a blend of 2.) Indoor air pollution results from the buildup
chemicals originating from both natural or accumulation of chemicals, suspended
occurrences and human activities, which particulate matter (SPM), and volatile organic
interact with atmospheric elements, leading to compounds (VOCs) within various indoor
detrimental effects on living organisms. The environments such as offices, residential
primary sources of outdoor pollution include the buildings, schools, and commercial
combustion of fossil fuels for energy establishments. This accumulation of chemicals
generation, industrial and photochemical smog, poses health risks.
volcanic emissions containing sulfur dioxide
and suspended particles, forest fires, "kaingin,"
St. Elmo's fire, lightning, evaporation of volatile
organic compounds from decomposing organic
matter, and natural release of radioactive 222-
gas from uranium deposits.

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 P O L L U TA N T S CLASS TYPE H E A LT H T H R E AT

A E R O S O L S P R AY S TRICHLOROETHANE B R E AT H I N G D I F F I C U LT Y

C H L O R I N E T R E AT E D WAT E R CHLOROFORM CANCER

A I R F R E S H E R C RY S TA L
PA R A D I C H L O R O B E N Z E N E CANCER
AND MOTHBALLS

TOBACCO AND
NICOTINE H E A RT N I C O T I N E
CIGARETTES

CARPETS AND PLASTI LIVER AND KIDNEY

STYRENE
products DAMAGE

FLOOR TILES, PIPE

LUNG CANCER AND OTHER
I N S U L AT I O N A N D V I N Y L ASBESTOS
DISEASES
CEILING

PA I N T S T R I P P E R A N ` D D I A B E T E S A N D N E RV E
METHYLENE CHLORIDE
THINNER DISORDER

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 EFFECTS OF AIR
POLLUTION
Air pollution is responsible for major health problems. It has ruined or endangered the health of countless
people. Damage to human health includes:

• D A M A G E T O P L A N T S I N C L U D E S D E H Y D R AT I O N
• OVER LOADING AND DEGRADING OF BODY'S
AND INHIBITION OF
DEFENSE mechanisms
photosynthesis

• CHRONIC BRONCHITIS • D A M A G E T O M AT E R I A L S I N C L U D E S
D I S C O L O R AT I O N O F C L O T H I N G
items, cars and objects

• EMPHYSEMA (RUPTURE OF LUNG AIR SACS

• D E P L E T I O N O F O Z O N E L AY E R L E A D S T O
INCREASE GLOBAL
•LUNG CANCER warming by the "greenhouse effect"

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 AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
Efforts to mitigate the harmful impacts of air pollution are crucial. Therefore, governments, scientists, and
environmental advocates are actively exploring and experimenting with various strategies to reduce pollution.
There are two primary approaches to air pollution control:

1. Input Control involves preventing or
minimizing the occurrence of pollution. This
includes methods such as limiting population
growth, reducing energy consumption,
improving energy efficiency, minimizing waste
generation, and promoting the use of clean,
renewable energy sources.
2. Output Control focuses on cleaning up polluted areas after
the damage has occurred. This approach tends to be more
costly than input control measures.
Recognizing the severity of air pollution, legislative
measures like the "Clean Air Act" of 1999 have been enacted
to establish comprehensive policies for managing air quality.
This law establishes national standards to protect the
environment and enhance the quality of the air we breathe.

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 •All potential sources of air
pollution, whether they are mobile,
point, or area sources, must adhere to
the regulations outlined in the law.
Emissions from these sources must
comply with air quality standards.
COVERAGE OF THE CLEAN
AIR ACT GROUP 2
• Mobile sources encompass
vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses,
jeepneys, tricycles, motorcycles,
and vans.
• Point sources include stationary
sources like industrial facilities and
the chimneys of power plants,
hotels, and other establishments
• Area sources encompass emissions from
sources other than those mentioned above,
such as smoking, burning of waste, and
dust from construction sites or unpaved
surfaces.
 WATER
POLLUTION
Water pollution refers to alterations in surface and groundwater resulting from pollutants,
whether physical or chemical, that can harm living organisms. Annually, approximately 14
billion pounds of sewage, sludge, and waste are discharged into the Earth's oceans,
impacting every country globally.

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 MAJOR SOURCES OF WATER
POLLUTION
Point sources are defined as origins of
emissions, contaminants, or any waste material,
like sewage or industrial discharge, which are
directed into water bodies via channels such as
pipes, ditches, or sewers at precise points.
Examples of such sources include sewage
treatment facilities, industrial plants, operational
or abandoned coal mines, oil tankers, and
offshore drilling rigs.
Non-point sources are characterized by their
widespread distribution and release of
pollutants across expansive regions. These
sources typically involve runoff into surface
water, leakage into groundwater in urban and
suburban regions, as well as from
construction sites and road networks.

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• Disease-causing microorganisms,
such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa,
and parasites, are present in water
sources.
COMMON TYPES OF WATER
POLLUTANTS AND THEIR
SOURCES GROUP 2
• Biodegradable organic wastes,
like domestic sewage and animal
manure, deplete water of dissolved
oxygen.
• Water-soluble inorganic
• Water-soluble inorganic
nutrients, like nitrate and
chemicals, such as acids,
phosphate salts, can
salts, and toxic metals, can
contaminate water bodies.
pollute water.
• Organic chemicals, including
• Suspended matter like soil, salt, • Radioactive substances like
insoluble and water-soluble
and other organic and inorganic Radon 222 and Uranium can
substances like oil, gasoline,
materials can remain in water,
plastics, pesticides, and solvents, be found in water sources.
affecting its quality.
contribute to water pollution.

COMMON TYPES OF WATER

POLLUTANTS AND THEIR
SOURCES GROUP 2
CAUSES OF
WATER
POLLUTION
One major factor contributing to the severity of water pollution is
the unchecked disposal of various pollutants into water bodies. This
includes sewage, sludge, waste, and even hazardous substances.
Globally, approximately half of all sewage is discharged directly
into water bodies without any treatment. Even when sewage
undergoes treatment, issues persist. Treated sewage often results in
sludge, which is then disposed of in the ocean. Many cities and
nations opt to release sewage into the sea, frequently near coastlines,
leading to the destruction of marine ecosystems in the affected
areas.

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 EFFECT OF WATER
POLLUTION
Water pollution's impacts vary based on the types of chemicals
disposed of and where they're deposited. The Pasig River serves as a
prime illustration of how pollution can severely harm water bodies,
being heavily contaminated with hazardous waste and sewage.
Additionally, it consistently receives further pollutants during
rainfall, which flush them into the harbor.

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 SOLUTION TO
WATER POLLUTION
Numerous regulations have been established to prevent industries from
disposing of harmful substances into water bodies, yet these regulations
often lack strength, and numerous countries do not impose strict limits on
water pollution. In the United States, the "Clean Water Act" was enacted
with the aim of completely eliminating the discharge of pollutants into
waterways. However, its effectiveness has been limited to certain regions.

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 SOLID WASTES
AND LAND
POLLUTION
Land pollution occurs when there is an accumulation of solid waste on land in amounts,
characteristics, and duration that are harmful to human health, as well as detrimental to the
survival of plants and animals.

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WASTE OR GARBAGE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR CATEGORIES:

COMBUSTIBLE
Combustible waste refers to materials that are capable of
being burned or undergoing combustion, typically
including items such as paper, wood, cardboard, and
certain plastics.

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WASTE OR GARBAGE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR CATEGORIES:

NON-
COMBUSTIBLE
Non-combustible waste refers to materials that cannot be
burned or are not easily capable of undergoing
combustion, such as metals, ceramics, glass, and certain
types of plastics that do not readily burn.

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WASTE OR GARBAGE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR CATEGORIES:

RECYCLABLE
Recyclable waste refers to materials that can be processed and reused to
create new products. These materials are collected separately from other
waste types and undergo recycling processes to conserve resources and
reduce environmental impact. Examples include paper, glass, metal, and
certain types of plastic.

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 WASTE OR GARBAGE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR CATEGORIES:

HAZARDOUS
Hazardous waste refers to materials that pose a threat to human health or
the environment due to their chemical, physical, or biological
characteristics. These materials require special handling and disposal
methods to prevent pollution and minimize risks. Examples include toxic
chemicals, heavy metals, flammable substances, and certain types of
medical and electronic waste.

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 SOURCES OF GARBAGE (SOLID
WASTE)
1 . S O C I E T Y C H A R A C T E R I Z E D B Y A C U LT U R E O F
D I S C A R D I N G A N D D I S P O S A B I L I T Y.
5 . B I O M E D I C A L O R C O N TA G I O U S WA S T E , O F T E N
DENOTED BY RED BAGS.

2. THE EXCESSIVE GROWTH OF THE GLOBAL 6. TIRES ENGINEERED FOR LONG-TERM

P O P U L AT I O N . D U R A B I L I T Y, Y E T W H E N B U R N E D , E M I T
HARMFUL FUMES.

3 . T H E S U R P L U S P R O D U C T I O N O F N E W S PA P E R S ,
P L A S T I C B A G S , A N D C O N TA I N E R S C R A F T E D
F R O M S T Y R O F O A M O R P O LY S T Y R E N E F O A M ,
WHICH POSE CHALLENGES FOR RECYCLING.
6 . D O M E S T I C WA S T E , E N C O M PA S S I N G B O T H
BIODEGRADABLE AND NON-BIODEGRADABLE
M AT E R I A L S , C A R E L E S S LY D I S C A R D E D I N
VA R I O U S L O C AT I O N S .

4. GRASS CLIPPINGS, CONSTITUTING

A P P R O X I M AT E LY O N E - F I F T H O F L A N D F I L L
WA S T E .

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 SOLID WASTE AND ITS
DISPOSAL
Waste end up in only three places on the ground, in the air, and in
the following places:

Sanitary landfills are engineered to minimize Incinerators decrease solid waste

the release of waste into the surrounding
environment, thereby safeguarding against through combustion, but they also
pollution. They harness methane generated generate flies, ashes, gases, and
within the landfill for electricity production. particulate matter released into the
Water interacts with garbage to create
atmosphere.
leachate, a solution containing dissolved
pollutants.

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 THANK YOU

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