Human Anatomy

Respiratory system
Nawal Haji Mahmood (MS.c)
nawalhaji8@gmail.com
Department: Nursing
Stage: First
preLab 6

2023-2024
 IN THIS LECTURE

• Respiratory system

• Upper respiratory system

• Lower respiratory system

 Respiratory system

• The respiratory system is the network of

organs and tissues that help you breathe and
used for gas exchange.

• Divided into upper and lower airway.

Upper respiratory tract

Upper respiratory tract is located outside the

thorax.
• Nose
• Nasal Cavity
• Sinuses
• Pharynx
• Larynx (throat)
 Nose

• The nose consist of the external nose and

the nasal cavity.

• Both are divided by a septum into right and

left halves .

• Nose is the only external part of the

respiratory system.
 Nasal cavity

• The nasal cavity is separated from the

oral cavity by the palate.

• surrounded by the paranasal sinuses.

 Paranasal sinuses

• Cavities within bones surrounding the

nasal cavity are called sinuses.

• Sinuses are located in the following

bones:
• Frontal
• Sphenoid
• Ethmoid
• Maxillary
 Pharynx

• It is a wide muscular tube, situated

behind the nose, mouth and larynx.

• Parts of pharynx:
• 1. Nasal part (nasopharynx).
• 2. Oral part (oropharynx).
• 3. Laryngeal part (laryngopharynx).
 Larynx (throat)

• It is a box- like structure that responsible

for the production of voice.

• The larynx is made up of:

• 1. Cartilages (skeletal framework).
• 2. Joints, ligaments and membranes which
connect the cartilages.
• 3. Muscles, which move the cartilages.
 Lower respiratory
tract

• Lower respiratory tract is within thorax.

• Trachea
• Bronchial Tree
• Lungs
 Trachea

• 4-inch-long tube that connects larynx

with bronchi.

• Walls are reinforced with C-shaped

hyaline cartilage, which keeps the
trachea patent.
 Bronchi

• Bronchi are plural for bronchus and

represent the passageways leading into
the lungs.

• Branches of bronchi:
• Primary bronchi
• Secondary bronchi
• tertiary bronchi
• bronchioles
 Alveoli

• Alveoli are the very small air sacs where the

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes
place.

• Balloon-shaped structures located at the end of

the respiratory tree.
Gas exchange
 Lung

They are situated in the thorax.

Each lung has:
• Apex: rounded superior end.
• Base: concave resting on the diaphragm.

Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures

• Left lung—two lobes
• Right lung—three lobes
 QUIZ

1. When air travels from the trachea into the lungs, which are the
passageways that fork off into each lung?

A. Bronchioles
B. Alveoli
C. Larynx
D. Bronchi
 QUIZ

2. What divides the left and right side of the nasal cavity?

A. septum
B. conchae
C. pharynx
D. sinus
 Homework

What are the major organs belonging to the upper and lower respiratory system?
Describe each one of them and provide their general features, structure, and the
functions they perform.