DIFFERENT KINDS

OF CLAIMS
Claim of Policy, Claim of Fact, Claim of Value
As a critical reader, you may encounter texts that
exhibit specific claims. Some can be directly stated
while others can be mentioned indirectly. It is
important to know how you can identify them and
how you can distinguish the type of claims a written
text has. These are the key concepts and skills you
must learn in this lesson.
Reading engagement becomes
very productive when learners
like you must be conscious in
giving sound reactions to the text.
This is a manifestation that your
attachment towards the reading
materials becomes intense.
Consequently, you are reaching
the stage where critical reading
happens. As critical readers, you
can assess texts that exhibit
specific claims such as claims of
fact, claims of value, and claims
of policy.
OBJECTIVES:
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify claims explicitly or implicitly made in a
written text;
2. determine the key elements of explicit and implicit
claims;
3. differentiate claim of fact, claim of policy, and claim
of value from each other; and
4. Identify claims of fact, policy, and value presented in
written texts.
WHAT IS A CLAIM?
Claims are synonymous with belief,
argument, assertion, or stand. According
to (Tiongson 2016, 20-21), a good claim
should be argumentative, debatable,
specific, focused, interesting, engaging,
and logical.
IMPLICIT vs. EXPLICIT CLAIMS
This information can be explicit or implicit. An
explicit claim is directly and clearly stated in
the text. It is when you can easily point out
the information in the passage. Meanwhile, an
implicit claim is indirectly expressed in the
text, and you need to look for clues or make
inferences to understand its meaning.
The ocean is blue.
The sea has low and
high tide.
You cannot battle with
the waves.
You are like pushing
waves.
A. Directions: Read the text carefully. Put a check ( /)
mark before the blank if the piece of information is
explicit and put a cross (X ) mark if the information is
implicit.
She picked up her luggage and walked outside, where her husband and
son waited to drive her home. No hugs and no kisses were allowed. A
tired and melancholic smile was hiding behind the mask she wore at
that moment. As soon as they got home, she hauled her things up to the
second floor, their guest room, which will be her place for quarantine.
She would do her best to keep her distance, wash her hands often, and
always wear a mask if she had been exposed. “It had already been
seven days since I hugged you… seven days more before I could
finally hold you in my arms again,” she whispered.
 _____1. The woman was under quarantine.
_____2. The woman missed her son and husband so much.
_____3. The woman had to stay in their guest room for two
weeks.
_____4. The woman remained hopeful that she could get
through her situation.
_____5. The woman has not hugged and kissed her son for
several days.
Write if it is implicit or explicit claims.
1.The sky is blue.
2.Eating too much sugar can lead to diabetes.
3.The population of the world is increasing
rapidly.
4.Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
5.Taking a nap can improve productivity.
Write I if it is implicit, write E if it is explicit claims.
6. She always wears red on Fridays.
7. The car's engine sounds rough.
8. The dog barks at everyone who walks by.
9. His handwriting is messy.
10. The room feels cold.
Different Kinds of Claims

Claims of Policy

Claims of Fact

Claims of Value
 CLAIMS OF POLICY
• Claim of policy is the argument where actions
should be carried out. Basically, it is perceived as a
relatively direct statement. This claim can also be
called a claim of solution because it suggests and
supports policies and solutions, and the action to
be taken is based on the results. You will know if a
statement is a claim of policy if there is an action to
be done or a solution to be taken.
CLAIMS OF POLICY
• Specific and measurable actions that need to be done in
order to address issues or concerns presented in an
argument or proposition.
• This must be verifiable and explicit. However, it can be
measured subjectively and
• encourage debates. Also, claims of policy often use should,
must, and ought to.
CLAIMS OF POLICY
Examples:
• Parentsshould not only be aware of how their
children are using social media but also
understand the potential positive and negative
impacts of social media use.
 CLAIMS OF VALUE
• Claim of value is an argument based on morality, belief, ethics, or
philosophy. It is influentially stated by combining limited facts and
proving them as either good or bad by targeting the reader’s
emotions.
• It is also called a claim of judgment because the reader must decide
whether the argument or proposition is right or wrong or must be
accepted or rejected. In other words, this type of claim is more
appealing to the reader’s subjectivity. If the argument challenges
the decision-making or judgment leading to acceptance or rejection
of the reader, then it is a claim of value.
CLAIMS OF VALUE
• A claim of value is arguable since it is based on one's
subjective opinion, judgment, appraisals, and
evaluations. It can be shown explicitly or implicitly.
• - The value or worth of something is dependent on the
standards utilized in assessing the value of a claim
CLAIMS OF VALUE
Examples:
• The basic keys to success are perseverance and
discipline.
• Bullying will never be right.
• During the pandemic, restriction is much
better than individual freedom.
CLAIMS OF FACT
• this
claim is a statement that
reports, describes predicts,
make causal claims, or whether
something is a settled fact
CLAIMS OF FACT
• These are claims that are derived from
information like definition, data, history, or
causal connections.
• - A claim of fact must be verifiable. It shows
explicit information
CLAIMS OF FACT
Examples:
• COVID-19 is primarily spread from person to person. You can
become infected by coming into close contact with a person who has
COVID 19.
• Globalwarming will impact future generations and
eventually ruin the environment.
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

1. "Abortion should
be legal."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

2. "The Earth orbits

around the sun."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

3. "We should invest

in renewable energy
sources."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

4. "The Mona Lisa is a

masterpiece."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

5. "The United States

is a democratic
country."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

6. "The death penalty

is morally wrong."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

7. "We should increase

the minimum wage to
help workers."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

8. "The Great Wall of

China is the longest
wall in the world."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

9. "We should have

stricter gun control laws
to reduce violence."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

10. "Helping others is

an important value."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

11. "The Earth's climate

is changing due to
human activity."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

12. "We should prioritize

funding for education
over military spending."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

13. "Honesty is the

best policy."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

14. "The United

Nations was founded
in 1945."
Identify if the following statement is claim of fact,
claim of policy, or claim of value.

15. "We should

protect endangered
species."
INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE TASK
Create a slogan using the three different claims. Use
colored paper.
Label each slogan as to Claim of Fact, Claim of Value,
Claim of Policy

Submission will be on Thursday, April 20, 2023.

GROUP PERFORMANCE
Write an explicit and implicit paragraph.
See the example below for your reference.
Write your answer on clean colored paper.
Draw 5 explicit and 5 implicit claims from the
paragraph below.
"Success in education is not just about getting good grades; it's about
developing critical thinking skills, learning how to solve complex problems,
and gaining a deep understanding of the world around us. Students who are
successful in their education are able to think creatively, analyze
information critically, and communicate effectively. They are also able to
work well in teams and collaborate with others, which is an essential skill in
today's workforce. Ultimately, success in education sets students up for
success in their careers and in life, as they are equipped with the knowledge
and skills they need to navigate the challenges of the world."
EXPLICIT CLAIMS
1. Success in education is not solely based on grades, but on the development of critical
thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and a deep understanding of the world.
2. Successful students can think creatively, analyze information critically, and communicate
effectively.
3. Collaboration and teamwork are important skills for students to develop, as they are
essential in today's workforce.
4. Success in education is directly related to success in students' careers and lives.
5. Education equips students with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate challenges
they will face throughout their lives.
Implicit claims could be that education is not just about
memorization and regurgitation of information but about
developing higher-order thinking skills. Additionally, the
paragraph implies that collaboration and communication are
important skills for success in both education and the workforce.
The paragraph also suggests that education is a tool for
navigating challenges in life, which could imply that individuals
who don't pursue education may struggle more with challenges.
Draw 5 explicit claims from the paragraph
"The new smartphone from XYZ Company is the best on the
market. With its advanced features and sleek design, it
outperforms all competitors. The camera is top-notch, with
crystal-clear resolution and a range of options for customization.
The battery life is exceptional, lasting all day on a single charge.
Its user interface is intuitive and easy to navigate, making it
perfect for both tech-savvy individuals and those who are new to
smartphones. Overall, the XYZ smartphone is a game-changer in
the industry and sets a new standard for excellence."
EXPLICIT CLAIMS
1. The new smartphone from XYZ Company is the best on the market.
2. The smartphone outperforms all competitors.
3. The camera is top-notch, with crystal-clear resolution and a range of
options for customization.
4. The battery life is exceptional, lasting all day on a single charge.
5. The user interface is intuitive and easy to navigate, making it perfect
for both tech-savvy individuals and those who are new to
smartphones.
IMPLICIT CLAIMS
1. The education system needs to shift its focus from grades to the development of critical
thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and a deep understanding of the world.
2. Students who are successful in their education have an advantage in the workforce, as they
are equipped with skills that are highly valued by employers.
3. Collaboration and teamwork are becoming increasingly important skills for individuals to
possess, as many jobs require working in teams to accomplish goals.
4. Success in education can provide individuals with a sense of fulfillment and purpose in
their lives, beyond just a successful career.
5. Education is a powerful tool for equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills they
need to navigate the challenges they will face in their lives, both personal and professional.