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Philip Allington, Product Management, April 2016

PMA
Standards, Approvals and Test
Methods
Standards and Approvals
Contents of Presentation
 Specification of Cable Protection Systems – Key success factor for profitable business
 International Standards for Cable Protection systems
UL1696 – CSA C22.2 No.227 (UL Recognition, UL Listing)
IEC 61386
 Testing Methods Mechanical Performance Parameters
Compression Strength
Impact Resistance
Bending Radius
Abrasion
Vibration and Shock testing IEC 61373
Dynamic Performance Parameters
Thermal Ageing of Materials - Accelerated Lifetime Simulation
System Pull Out Strength
System Sealing Performance, EN60529 IP Rating, NEMA rating
Operating Temperature Range
Flammability
 Rail Application Fire Safety Certification
 Shipbuilding Approval Documents
 Hazardous Area Applications - ATEX IECEX Certification
 Food & Beverage Application Documentation
 Solar Energy Applications
 Management System Certification - ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 18001, IRIS
 Environmental Aspects - RoHS, REACH
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Standards and Approvals
Key success factor - Profitable Specification Business

 PMA has a history of targeting “specification business” in market segments and application
areas where product certification and high level performance characteristics are required
 PMA has developed products to meet the standards specified for applications in the targeted
market segments
 PMA has invested extensively in testing of products and certification of performance
characteristics at external independent test institutes
 All of the above facilitate technical, specification sales avoiding commodity selling
 No other polyamide cable protection manufacturer has as many certified products for the rail,
ship and machine building industries

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Standards and Approvals
International Cable Protection Standards
The two most commonly applied international standards for PMA cable protection systems
are UL1696-CSA C22.2 No.227.3 and IEC 61386
Both standards include a wide variety of test procedures designed to allow
characterisation of cable protection systems, facilitating the selection of products for
specific applications

 UL1696 Edition II
- CSA C22.2 No.227.3.15

 IEC 61386

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Standards and Approvals
UL1696 – CSA C22.2 No.227.3.15

 Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

co-operated to create a bi-national standard to regulate the requirements for Non-Metallic
Protection Tubing (NMPT) and associated fittings.
 It has been valid in the USA and Canada since 19 th March 2014
 The latest edition of the standard has been renamed Mechanical Protection Tubing (MPT)
and Fittings because of discussions about the metal content of fittings (Termination
threads)
 Products approved by UL to this standard are UL “Recognized”

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Standards and Approvals
UL1696 – CSA C22.2 No.227.3.15
Includes test procedures covering a wide range of performance characteristics

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Standards and Approvals
UL1696 – CSA 22.2 No.227.3.15
 The standard has a pass – fail nature with one single performance level specified for each
performance characteristic

 The combination of a 12.2 joules impact test @ -18°C and the 2 x 15 sec vertical flame test
require careful material selection. Flame retardants can have a negative effect upon cold
impact characteristics

 There are a few optional tests for additional classifications

Wet location classification - Additional system sealing test
Outdoor Use classification - Additional weather resistance test
(Cycles of simulated sunlight and rain)
Temperature ageing test for raised operating temperature classification
(Default value 60°C if no ageing test conducted)
Direct Burial classification – High compression strength requirement
Cable Tray flame test

 When comparing with competitors products please check the optional and variable ratings
and classifications above

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Standards and Approvals
PMA UL CSA Recognised Products
PMA has had a broad range of products tested to UL1696-CSA C22.2 No.227.3
at both UL and CSA
Tubing
 PIS/PIH (NW12-NW125) 90°C Outdoor use
 XSOL (NW12-NW48) 90°C Outdoor use
 PCS (CSA only) (NW12-NW48) 90°C Outdoor use
 CYL, PCL (NW12-NW48) 105°C Outdoor use
 VCS, LLPA (NW12-NW95) 105°C Outdoor use

Fittings and Accessories

 PMAFIX Pro (NW12-NW48) Wet locations
 PMAFIX IP68 (NW12-NW48) Wet locations
 PMAFIX IP68 GT (NW12-NW48) Wet locations
 PMAFIX IP66 (NW12-NW48) Dry locations
 PMAGRIP (NW56-NW95) Wet locations
 PMAGRIP (NW125) Dry locations

These products may carry the symbols

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Standards and Approvals
Recognition Symbols

UL - CSA Recognition symbols

The following symbols are printed on the product and the label of PMA components approved
according to UL1696-CSA C22.2 No.227.3

The symbol above indicates that the product has been “Recognized” by UL according to both
Canadian (c) and United States of America (us) regulations.
Although the standard is unified there may be some minor differences in its local application.

The symbol above indicates that the product has been approved by CSA according to both
Canadian (c) and United States of America (us) regulations.

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Standards and Approvals
UL Listed – UL Recognition

UL or CSA “Recognised” components are designed to be integrated into closed systems by

qualified people who ensure through their knowledge that they are applied safely.
No access after installation
MPT-C UL1696_CSA C22.2 No.227.3.15 (Mechanical Protection Tubing – Corrugated)

“Recognised” conduits are generally referred to as “Tubing” and carry the following symbols.

UL or CSA “Listed” components are tested to a higher level to ensure they are intrinsically
safe and no hazards can occur as a result of its application by inexperienced personnel.
They may be sold to anybody irrespective of qualification or knowledge.
LFNC-C UL 1660_CSA C22.2 No.227.2.1 Liquid tight Flexible Non-metallic Conduit - Corrugated

“Listed” conduits are generally referred to as “Conduit” and carry these symbols.

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Standards and Approvals
PMA UL Listed Products
PMA has a small portfolio of products tested to UL 1660_CSA C22.2 No.227.2.1
for a UL Listed approval in sizes NW17-NW48
Tubing PMAFLEX PLus
 PUS (mod. PA12) 105°C Sunlight resistant
 VUS (mod. PA6) 60°C Sunlight resistant
 CUS (mod. PA6) 60°C Sunlight resistant

Fittings and Accessories PMAFIX PLus

Straight 45°elbow 90°elbow
 BUNV-M BUAV-M BUWV-M Metric nylon thread
 BUNV-P BUAV-P BUWV-P PG nylon thread
 BUNV-N BUAV-N BUWV-N NPT nylon thread

All fittings have passed the liquid tightness test for Wet location suitability
These products carry the symbol

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Standards and Approvals
IEC EN 61386 System of Classification
IEC 61386 includes test procedures for a similar range of performance characteristics
but in contrast to the pass-fail nature of UL1696 - CSA C22.2 No.227.3 it uses a system
of classification with different performance categories for each requirement

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Standards and Approvals
IEC EN 61386 System of Classification

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Standards and Approvals
Testing Methods

Conditioning

Before any tests are conducted upon non-metallic cable protection systems the products
should always be conditioned for a minimum of 24 hrs at 23°C and 50% relative humidity to
eliminate inconsistencies in test results due to material condition.

Subsequent testing may be performed under very different climatic conditions but the point
of reference should always be the same.

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Standards and Approvals
Mechanical Performance Test Methods

Resistance to Compression

Test procedure: Conduit is compressed between two

50mm metal plates. Permitted deformation and recovery
characteristics vary from standard to standard.
IEC EN 61386
25% deformation
10% after 60 secs recovery
No visible damage

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Standards and Approvals
Mechanical Performance Test Methods

Resistance to Impact at various temperatures

Polyamide and other plastic tend to become more brittle

at low temperatures.

Different standards include different procedures.

IEC EN 61386 categories -45°C, -15°C and 23°C

UL1696 - CSA C22.2 No.227.3 12 joules -18°C

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Standards and Approvals
Mechanical Performance Test Methods
Bending Radius at Low Temperature
Conduits are bent through 360° around a mandrel of defined diameter
Generally plastics become less flexible at low temperatures so that most test procedures are
conducted after prolonged exposure to a low temperature

UL1696 - CSA C22.2 No.227.3

4 hours @ -18°C then bending around a mandrel of size
given below related to the conduit size

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Standards and Approvals
Mechanical Performance Test Methods

Resistance to Abrasion

No standardised test method exists for assessing the resistance of a corrugated

conduit to abrasion
Consequently PMA designed their own simple test method allowing comparison of
different materials and products
A metal plate is pressed onto the surface of a conduit by a specific weight
The plate moves continuously back and forth across the surface of a sample piece of
conduit

Influencing Factors:

Material characteristics
Lubrication
Temperature
Surface roughness
Pressure between surfaces
Speed of movements
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Standards and Approvals
Vibration and Shock Testing – IEC 61373

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Standards and Approvals
Vibration and Shock Testing – IEC 61373

Test Panels:
PMAFIX IP66, PMAFIX IP68 and PMAFIX Pro Products
Combinations of PMA Fitting, Conduit, Cable and Clamps.
Test definition:

Requirements for Category 2 (Components mounted upon the Axles)

Vibration 3 x 5 hours (3 Axes)
Shock (3 Axes)
Result:

No damage to any components in the system

Subsequent sealing test IP66 and IP68 passed without difficulty

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Standards and Approvals
Dynamic Performance Test Methods
Resistance to Continuous Bending Cycles

Windscreen wiper test

EN61386-23 “Flexible” conduit classification

>5000 cycles without damage

For a robotic installation exposed to millions of bending cycles

this test is clearly inadequate

Consequently PMA developed additional in-house test

procedures more representative of true applications

PMA tests to destruction

PMA DO 9.21- 4425
PMA DO 9.21- 4220
PMA DO 9.21- 4420

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Standards and Approvals
System Strength – Pull Out Test Method

Pull Out Strength – Suspended load Capacity

What force can the Conduit - Fitting junction withstand before separation occurs

UL1696 - CSA C22.2 No.227.3

80 Newton NW12 and below
156 Newton NW17 and above
IEC61386

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Standards and Approvals
Ingress Protection Levels EN 60529 / DIN 40050
IP(xy) x = Protection against Dust ingression
y = Protection against Water ingression
 IP66 strong water jet from any angle
 IP67 immersion to a depth of 1m for 30 min
 IP68 vague definition. Increase in one parameter above IP67 (time or depth)
 IP69K high pressure water jets from any angle. Simulation of cleaning jets.
No “significant amount” of water ingress allowed
Achieving good sealing characteristics for a static system is relatively easy
For a system in continuous motion it is significantly more difficult

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Standards and Approvals
Comparison between EN 60529 and NEMA Ratings

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Standards and Approvals
PMA Component IP Ratings (EN60529)

When combining conduit and fittings into a system the lowest IP rating of the two
components dictates the IP rating for the system
All PMA closed conduits can achieve an IP68 and IP69K rating when combined with an
appropriate fitting.

 PMAFLEX, PMAFLEX Pro, PMAFLEX Plus, PMAFLEX Multilayer IP68 & IP69K
 PMA Divisible System Conduits PACOF, PPCOF IP50

 PMAFIX Pro Fittings IP68 & IP69K

 PMAFIX IP68 & PMAFIX IP68GT Fittings IP68 & IP69K
(WPS)
 PMAFIX IP66 Fittings IP66
 PMA Smart-line Fittings IP66
 PMA Divisible Fittings BLNO-M IP54
 PMAGRIP Jumbo Flange Fittings BGGV, SGGV IP68
 PMAGRIP Jumbo Flange Fittings BGG, SGG IP65

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Standards and Approvals
Operating Temperature Range
Maximum Operating Temperature
The Arrhenius curve below shows the relationship between temperature and material
characteristics
For short periods of time exposure to higher temperatures may not be damaging
However if the temperature - time product rises above the curve permanent change may
occur to the material composition affecting the product characteristics
PMA specifies PA6 PA12
105°C 95°C max continuous operating temperature
120°C 110°C 20,000 hrs
160°C 150°C short term 168 hours.
Special material products for high temperature applications PSX (200°C), TEC (250°C).

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Standards and Approvals
Operating Temperature Range

Lowest Operating Temperature

In contrast to the situation at high temperatures where prolonged exposure to

temperatures above the continuous maximum operating temperature can cause
permanent change to the material composition and consequent loss of product
performance
At low temperatures a 100% reversible temporary change to material characteristics
may occur.
Plastics tend to become temporarily less flexible and brittle at very low
temperatures.
If the temperature rises again the characteristics return to their original values
Consequently the specification of a minimum temperature should be accompanied
by a mechanical performance requirement at that temperature
PMA specifies generally a Minimum Operating Temperature

-40°C for most polyamide products

-50°C for a few specially modified materials

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Standards and Approvals
Thermal Ageing Characteristic

Lifetime Simulation with Thermal Ageing

To evaluate the ageing characteristics of a conduit
First a method of accelerating the ageing must be found,
otherwise we have to wait 20-25 years for the result
Accelerated ageing of plastic materials can be simulated
by exposure to temperatures above the continuous
operating temperature.
Then a mechanical performance parameter must be
chosen to assess the loss of performance through ageing

PMA DO 9.21-4360
168 hours @ 160°C followed by repetition of cold
bending test from previous slide

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Standards and Approvals
Flammability of Materials
UL 94
This is perhaps the most commonly requested flammability rating for plastic materials in
machine building applications. It is an Underwriter Laboratories standard for
flammability classification of materials.
The test is performed on sample rods of material whose dimensions are defined in the
standard, so it takes no account of the component geometry.

HB allows horizontal burning up to 76mm/min

V0 vertical burning specimen extinguishes within 10 secs, no drips allowed.
V1 vertical burning specimen extinguishes within 30 secs, no drips allowed.
V2 vertical burning specimen extinguishes within 30 secs, drips allowed.
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Standards and Approvals
Flammability of Materials
UL 1696 Vertical Flame Test

Included in the tests for a UL Recognition according to UL1696-CSA C22.2 No.227.3

is a flammability procedure titled Vertical Flame Test.
Although in some ways similar to the UL94 test here procedure is performed upon the
product and not a sample of material.
The product is exposed for 2 x 15 secs to a standardised flame with 15 secs pause
between. Thereafter it may not continue to burn for longer than 60 secs or emit burning
particles

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Standards and Approvals
Flammability of Materials

IEC 61386 Non Flame Propagating

In the IEC standard there is a similar

test which simply classifies products as

• Non Flame Propagating

• Flame Propagating

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Standards and Approvals
Further Explanation of Test Methods
www.pma.ch/pub/en/test-methods

www.pma.ch/infopool
01 Technical Services / 04 Standards and Specifications / 03 PMA Testing Methods/Cable Protection Test Criteria.pdf

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Standards and Approvals
Rail Industry Fire Safety Testing

In the different countries around the globe different fire safety specifications and test
procedures are specified but many themes are recurring

Flammability
How easily does a material ignite, how easily does it spread if ignition occurs

Smoke Emission
If a material ignites how much smoke is generated. Will it impede evacuation ?

Toxicity
If smoke is generated will passengers and staff be affected by toxic fumes

Calorific Value – Heat of Combustion – Thermal Capacity

If a material burns how much energy is released which could contribute to

the propagation of the fire

In some more modern railways, extinguishing systems and fast passenger

evacuation times are being considered as part of more system orientated fire safety
concepts. But the fire safety performance of materials remains a central issue.
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Standards and Approvals
Fire Safety Test Methods
Flammability Test Methods
Glow wire test
Limited Oxygen Index
Radiated Heat Method

Smoke Emission
Optical smoke density methods

Toxicity
Smoke generation and chemical analysis

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Standards and Approvals
Fire Safety Standards for Rail Applications

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Standards and Approvals
Country Specific Rail Fire Safety Standards
EN45545-2
DIN 5510-2:2009

ISO 5658-2
ISO 11925-2
LOI:
ISO 4589-2

ISO 5659-2

NF X 70-100

ISO 5659-2

ISO 5660-1
Cone Calor.

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Standards and Approvals
EN 45545-1 General Section Risk Assessment
Design Categories for Railway Vehicles

All vehicles are classified due to their design as follows

A Vehicles forming part of an automatic train having no emergency trained staff on board
D Double decked vehicles
S Sleeping and couchette vehicles
N All other vehicles (standard vehicles)

Operation Categories for Railway Vehicles

Category 1
Vehicles that are not designed or equipped to run on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures and which
may be stopped with minimum delay, after which immediate side evacuation to a place of ultimate safety is possible.

Category 2
Vehicles that are designed or equipped to run on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures with side
evacuation available and where there are stations or emergency stations that offer a place of ultimate safety to passengers,
reachable within a short running time.

Category 3
Vehicles that are designed or equipped to run on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures, with side
evacuation available and where there are stations or emergency stations that offer a place of ultimate safety to passengers,
reachable within a long running time.

Category 4
Vehicles that are designed or equipped to run on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures, without side
evacuation available and where there are stations or emergency stations that offer a place of ultimate safety to passengers,
reachable within a short running time.
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Standards and Approvals
EN 45545-1 General Section Risk Assessment

The Hazard Level can be derived from the following matrix taking into consideration
both the Design Category and the Operation Category

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Standards and Approvals
EN 45545-2 Material Fire Safety Requirements

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Standards and Approvals
PMA Fire Safety Certification
PMA Standard Certified Products for Rail Rolling Stock Applications

In the past PMA was forced, by the different fire safety requirements, to recommend
different products for the same railway application in different countries.
The European standard EN45545-2 allows us to rationalise the rail product portfolio.
For some rail projects the old national standards are still being specified but we expect
this to become less and less frequent.
From 2018 onwards we may be able to limit the certification to EN45545-2 for Europe
and NFPA 130 for America

The most commonly specified PMA rail products are all certified for their intended
applications worldwide.

PCS, PCSL, VAM, VAML, PLR, PACOF conduits

PMAFIX, PMAFIX Pro, PMA Divisible fittings
F/C/L.66, F/C/L.PX, G.PX polyamide and polyester braids

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Standards and Approvals
PCS, PCSL Certificate to EN45545-2

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Standards and Approvals
VAM, VAML Certificate to EN45545-2

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Standards and Approvals
R85011 Certificate to EN45545-2

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Standards and Approvals
London Underground Approval

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Standards and Approvals
DIN 53474 Halogen Content

The presence of Halogens in a plastic can cause harmful toxic gases to be

produced during burning.

A “Halogen Free” declaration gives an indication of low smoke and low toxicity
and rules out halogen acid gas emission.

No polyamide based PMA products include halogens.

Some special material conduits such as TEC, PVD, PHT do include halogens

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Standards and Approvals
PMA Fire Barrier Solutions

 Fire barriers are an important part of the fire

safety concept for many applications whether
it be on a train, on a ship or in a public
building. Fire barriers can limit the affected
area and prevent heat and smoke spreading
winning time for evacuation.
 It is not difficult to understand that positions
where cables are fed through a firewall could
represent weak points where fire, heat,
smoke and gases could break through.

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Standards and Approvals
PMA Fire Barrier Solutions

PMA has designed a number of different cable protection solutions

to ensure the integrity of a fire barrier is maintained at positions
where cables are fed through it from which the customer can choose
depending upon the requirements of the application.
 A PMA Adapter solution compatible with our standard rail product
portfolio. Intumescent material inside the adapter expands
dramatically when exposed to heat to seal all cavities in the event
of a fire
 PMA Strain Relief fittings with a Fire Barrier Function. The Pflitsch
strain relief element of these fittings is made of a special fire
resistant material
 Adapters which allow the combination of PMA cable protection
with Roxtec wall transit sealing modules. These adapters also use
intumescent material to fulfil block fire spread fulfilling the
requirements of EN45545-3.

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Standards and Approvals
PMA Fire Barrier Solutions

EN45545-3 describes the fire resistance requirements for 10 possible fire barriers
situations on a train, according to the origin of the fire and the area being protected.

E** fire integrity requirements are specified in (**) minutes for each installation
situation and train operation category as defined in EN45545-1

E15 (15 minutes) is sufficient for most applications

E30 is required only for two situations where the source of the fire is a luggage
compartment

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Standards and Approvals
PMA Ship Building Certification
PMA has approval certificates covering a wide range of products from several shipbuilding
agencies. They were gained through audits of the PMA premises and management system
plus product approval testing done according to IEC 61386 at SEV (Swiss Electrical Assoc.)

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Standards and Approvals
PMA Ship Building Certification

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Standards and Approvals
PMA Ship Building Certification

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Standards and Approvals
PMA Ship Building Certification

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Standards and Approvals
PMA Ship Building Certification
PMA Marine Application Flyer

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Standards and Approvals
Hazardous Area Applications – ATEX, IECEX Approval

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Standards and Approvals
Solar Energy Applications

To allow PMA cable protection products to be used in solar installations in Switzerland there
was a requirement for the fulfilment of Building material regulations.
Several products were tested at the Swissi test Institute in Basel for compliance

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Standards and Approvals
Food and Beverage Applications
JFBD – PMA Over-extruded Conduit
 JFBD available in NW12-NW48

Pflitsch blueglobe CLEAN Plus®

 Fittings available for the combination with NW12-NW48

Combination
Nominal Width PMA F&B Conduit Pflitsch F&B Fitting
NW12 JFBDT-12C01.50 BG225VACP
NW17 JFBDG-17C01.50 BG232VACP
NW23 JFBDG-23C01.50 BG240VACP

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Standards and Approvals
Food and Beverage Certification
ECOLAB Certificate resistance to Declaration of Conformity for outer
commonly used cleaning agents material layer of JFBD including FDA

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Standards and Approvals
ISO approved Quality Management System

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Standards and Approvals
IRIS – International Rail Industry Standard
The Union of European Railway Industries (UNIFE) based in Brussels have created, in
close co-operation with the leading railway manufacturers, an internationally valid quality
management system for rail manufacturers and component suppliers.

IRIS 00 was published in March 2006. The first revision 01 appeared in November 2007,
the second revision 02 in 2009 which is the basis upon which certification is judged
today. IRIS calls up aspects of ISO 9001: 2008 with additional railway specific
requirements. Parallels to ISO/TS 16949 as implemented by the automobile industry can
be seen.

Certification audits register a fulfilment quota so that system improvements in future

years can be measured. Through initial registration and entry into the UNIFE data bank
suppliers can present themselves to potential customers via the UNIFE Website.

The manufacturers of Rail systems require A-Suppliers to be certified by 2009.

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Standards and Approvals
REACH

Registration, Evaluation,
Authorisation and Restriction of
Chemicals.

This is the European Union’s

decree with regard to chemicals
which became valid in June 2007.

As an EU regulation it has the same

validity throughout all the member
states

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Standards and Approvals
REACH

The REACH directive must be met by all companies manufacturing or importing

more than one Tonne of finished goods or raw material into the European
Union per year.

REACH is not mandatory in Switzerland but for the export to the rest of Europe it is.

It is a legal responsibility to report the use of dangerous chemical substances.

Polymer granulates and the products manufactured from them are not a problem
under the REACH directive as long as they do not emit any dangerous substances.

PMA has a responsibility to provide information to its raw material suppliers where
the material is being used and to inform customers what substances are used.
To generate and provide upon request REACH safety data sheets.

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Standards and Approvals
RoHS – Restriction of Hazardous Substances

 EU Directive 2002/95/EC restriction of the use of hazardous substances in

electrical and electronic equipment” (“RoHS directive”)
 EU Directive 2002/96/EC waste electrical and electronic equipment “WEEE
directive”
 EU Directive 2003/11/EC restrictions on marketing and use of certain dangerous
substances.
 EU Directive 2000/53/EC end-of life vehicles (ELV)
 In accordance with the EU directives PMA does not use any of the banned critical
substances mentioned in these directives.

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