Factors Affected by a shift

in Speech Style, Speech

Context, Speech Act, and
Communicative strategy

ROSELYN J. YAGUE, LPT

 SPEECH STYLE
1 INTIMATE
4 CONSULTATIVE
2 CASUAL

5 FROZEN
3 FORMAL
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
1. NOMINATION
2. TOPIC CONTROL
3. TOPIC SHIFTING
4. RESTRICTION
5. TURN-TAKING
6. REPAIR
7. TERMINATION
 FACTORS

LANGUAGE FORM

FORMAL INFORMAL
 FORMAL
Used when talking with professionals or
person in authority. Formal language is the
words and grammar used in formal
situations.
INFORMAL
Used in casual conversations and mostly
not well-thought-of or prepared.

Would you like to get a drink? Wanna get a drink?

It’s rather warm today, Isn’t it? It’s a hot one today, innit?
She is a good person. She’s a good person.
We regret to inform you that the upcoming The train’s late.
train will be delayed for up to 30 minutes.
 Why you should use formal
language?
Using formal language in these situations
is important for two main reasons. First, it
shows respect for your audience. Formal
language also enhances professionalism and
credibility. Use formal language when you
want to maintain distance between you and the
other person.
 FACTORS
DURATION OF
INTERACTION

This refers to the amount of time a

conversation takes place between and
among communicator.
 FACTORS

RELATIONSHIP OF SPEAKER

This refers to the speech style used by the

speaker suited to his/her relationship to
the person with whom he/she is
communicating.
 SPEECH STYLE
1 INTIMATE
4 CONSULTATIVE
2 CASUAL

5 FROZEN
3 FORMAL
 FACTORS
ROLE AND RESPONSIBILIRTY
OF SPEAKER
This depends on the purpose and context
of communication.
P - PERSUASIVE
I - INFORMATIVE
E - ENTERTAINING
 FACTORS

MESSAGE

This involves the content of the message.

It can be fact, opinion, feelings, order,
suggestion, and question.
 FACTORS

DELIVERY

The manner of delivery involving verbal

and nonverbal cues made by the speaker.
 SPEECH STYLE
1 Extemporaneous

2 Impromptu 4 Manuscript

3 Memorized
SPEECH WRITING

ROSELYN J. YAGUE, LPT

 What is the purpose of your speech?
Purpose- Are you writing to explain, to argue, or
persuade?
Audience- Who are you delivering the speech to?
How much knowledge do they have about
the topic?
Layout- How are going to say it out?
Style- Format style (standard English)
 SPEECH WRITING PROCESS
1 Conducting an audience analysis.

2 Determining the purpose of speech.

3 Selecting a topic.

Narrowing down a topic.

4
5 Gathering data.
 SPEECH WRITING PROCESS
6 Selecting a speech pattern.

7 Preparing an outline.

Creating the body of speech.

8
Preparing the introduction.
9
10 Preparing the conclusion.
 SPEECH WRITING PROCESS
11 Editing and/or revising.

12 Rehearsing.
1. What is the thing that you need to
consider in selecting a topic?
2. Why is it important to conduct an
audience analysis before writing a
speech?
3. What is the importance of editing or
revising?
 PRINCIPLES OF
SPEECH WRITING

ROSELYN J. YAGUE, LPT

 1. AUDIENCE PROFILE

A. DEMOGRAPHY
 Age range
 Male-female ratio
 Educational Background
 Nationality
 Economic status
 Academic or corporate designation
 1. AUDIENCE PROFILE

B. SITUATION
 Time
 Venue
 Occasion
 Size
 1. AUDIENCE PROFILE

C. PSYCHOLOGY
 Beliefs and preferences
 Attitude
 Culture and race
 Needs
 2. PURPOSE

 Persuade or Convince
 Inform or Educate
 Entertain or Fun
 3.SELECTING A TOPIC

A. Selecting a topic
 Choose a topic which you are interested to.
B. Narrowing Down a Topic
 Trim down the topic. (broad to specific)
C. Data Gathering
 Collecting ideas, information, sources, and
references relevant and related to topic.
 4. WRITING PATTERNS

A. Biographical
 Description of the life of a person.
B. Categorical/Topical
 Presents related categories supporting the
topic.
C. Casual
 Presents cause-effect relationship.
 4. WRITING PATTERNS
D. Chronological
 Presents the ideas in time order.
E. Comparison/Contrast
 Presents comparison/contrast of two or
three points.
F. Problem-Solution
 Presents an identified problem, its cause,
and recommended solution.
 5. OUTLINING

OUTLINE is an hierarchical list that shows

the relationship of your ideas.
a. Introduction
b. Body
c. Conclusion
 a. INTRODUCTION

Is the foundation of your speech.

Here, the primary goal is to get the
attention of your audience and present
the subject or main idea of your
speech.
 Use real-life experience and connect
that experience to your subject. Use
practical examples and explain their
connection to your subject. Start with a
familiar or strong quote and then explain
what it means. Tell a personal story to
illustrate your point.
 b. BODY OF SPEECH

Provides explanations, examples,

or any details that can help you
deliver your purpose and explain the
main idea of your speech.
 Use real-life experience and
practical examples. Show statistics or
state some ideas that came from different
experts or practitioners.
 c. CONCLUSION

Restates the main idea of your

speech. Furthermore, it provides a
summary, emphasizes the message,
and calls for action.
 Begin your conclusion with a
restatement of your message. Use positive
examples, encouraging words, or
memorable lines from songs or stories
familiar to your audience. Ask a question
or series of questions that can make your
audience reflect or ponder.
 5. WORD CHOICE

Your purpose is to make your audience

see what you saw, hear what you heard, feel
what you felt. Use rich, colorful, precise
language that communicate not just in a
functional way, but in a way that moves and
enlightens the readers.
 6. GRAMMATICAL
CORRECTNESS

In writing, it is vital that you check to see that

you have corrected any grammatical error.
 Spelling
 Punctuation
 Grammar
 Style
 7. EDITING/REVISING

Your written speech involves correcting errors

in mechanics such as grammar, punctuation,
capitalization, unity, coherence, and others.
- Andrew Dlugan
 Power Principles
for Speech Editing
According to Andrew Dlugan
(2023)
1. EDIT FOR CLARITY
“I don’t understand the message because the
examples or supporting details were
confusing.”
Make your ideas clear by arranging them
in logical order.
 2. EDIT FOR CONCISION
“The speech was all over the place; the
speaker kept talking endlessly as if no one is
listening to him or her.”
Keep your speech short and simple by
eliminating unrelated stories and
sentences and by using simple words.
3. EDIT FOR CONTINUITY
“The speech was too difficult to follow; I was
lost in the middle.”
Keep the flow of your presentation
smooth by adding transition words or
phrases.
4. EDIT FOR VARIETY
“I didn’t enjoy the speech because it was
boring.”
Add spice to your speech by shifting
tone and style from formal to
conversational and vice-versa, moving
around the stage, or adding humor.
5. EDIT FOR IMPACT AND BEAUTY
“ There’s nothing really special about the
speech.”
Make your speech memorable by
using strategies like surprising the
audience, use vivid descriptive images,
write well-crafted and memorable
lines, and use figurative language.
 Thank you for a
wonderful Semester!
`