UNIT 1

Integrative Art as Applied to

Philippine Contemporary Art

PREPARED BY:
NOREEN LEIGH R. CUPAL, MAEd
Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions SOURCE: QUIPPER

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LEARNING TARGETS

At the end of this unit, the learners should be

able to to do the following:

● Define integrative art.

● Identify various art forms in the Philippines.
● Describe the different elements of art and principles of design found in every
work of art.
● Classify different art forms found in the Philippines.
● Understand the significance of elements of art and principles of design in art.

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VALUES AND ATTITUDES

In this unit, the learners should be able to do the

following:

● Reflect on the beauty of art.

● Develop powerful abilities to produce art.
● Appreciate the elements of art and principles of design to create visually
appealing art.
● Produce original artwork as a form of self-expression.

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Art Forms in the Philippines

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EPROCLOALNI RTA

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ANSWER: PRECOLONIAL ART

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NIIDEGOUNS TRA

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ANSWER: INDIGENOUS ART

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APSINSH TRA

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ANSWER: SPANISH ART

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EMAIRANC TRA

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ANSWER: AMERICAN ART

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AJAPENSE OCOLNAIL TRA

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ANSWER: JAPANESE
COLONIAL ART

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ANTIOANLSIM

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ANSWER: NATIONALISM

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EROVULTOINAYR

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THINK-PAIR-SHARE

Instructions:
1. Find a partner.
2. Discuss the following:
○ Are there any cultural practices or artistic productions you know in your
region?
○ What are the historical roots of these practices?
3. Ten pairs will present their discussion in front of the class. The rest will submit
the discussion they made with their partner.

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Precolonial Art

● Art, for indigenous people, had social

utility. It is integrated into communal
services, such as planting and
harvesting, weddings, funerals, and
rites of passage.
● Precolonial art was also used in the
daily lives of people. For instance,
there are woven fabrics for dresses,
weapons for battles, and chants for a
Mindanao Burial Pottery by Gary Todd
good harvest.

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 Precolonial Art
● The kashawing ritual, in Lake Lanao, is a prayer for
abundance during harvesting season. It is a
reenactment of a legendary pact between ancestors and
unseen spirits.
● Higaonon and B’laan have banog-banog, and the
Bagobos have the man-manok dance, which imitates
a bird’s movement. Ifugao’s courtship ritual is called
talip.
● These rituals are usually accompanied by their own
musical instrument. An example of this is the Agung
Agung by Philip Dominguez Mercurio
ensemble, which is usually played and complemented
with dances that imitate the movements of animals.
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Precolonial Art

● Indigenous arts were inspired by

animism. They created statues to
symbolize their ancestors or the
deities they worshipped.
● The Ifugao carved bul-ul represents
their granary god.
● In southern Philippines, okir is a
curvilinear decoration and is
influenced by Indian and Islamic art. Seated Bul-ul from Ifugao by Mindanao Bangsomoro
Hiart Islamic Art by Gary Todd

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 Spanish Colonial Art
● Spanish colonization brought
Catholicism, imposed western
culture, and gave rise to religious or
Christian and folk arts.
● There was also the rise of Hispanic
baroque structure in the
Philippines, where towns were
created in a structure of a plaza
Our Lady of the Gate Parish (Daraga complex with a church at the center.
Church) by Christopher Aquino

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Spanish Colonial Art
● Religious icons like santos and retablos have become essential in rituals.
● Paintings focused on representing biblical characters and narratives.
● Music was used for liturgies, where worship became essential. Pasyon or pabasa, a
narration of Christ’s passion is portrayed during the Lent season.
● Awit and korido became popular in the provinces of Iloilo, Pampanga, Ilocos, and
Bicol.
● The Spanish colonization marked the rise of kundiman and balitao. Even Spanish
theater was adopted, which gave birth to sarsuwela, senakulo, and komedya.

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American and Japanese Colonial Art

● Americans introduced the public education system in the Philippines. Thus, the
learners were required to learn English.
● They also brought Philippine literature into English. Paz Marquez Benitez’s
short story Dead Stars marked the birth of modern Philippine literature in
English.

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 American and Japanese Colonial Art
● American popularized seculars like
Vaudeville or Bodabil in theater.
● University of the Philippines (UP)
was established, and the School of
Fine Arts allowed Filipino artists,
such as Fernando Amorsolo, to
learn western techniques.
● The Japanese emphasized on
nationalism, the effect of the war
and repression on the Filipino
people.
Hurly-Burly Extravaganza and Refined
Vaudeville (1899)
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Contemporary Arts in the Philippines

● Culture and arts were given more focus in line with the vision of a “New
Society” during the Marcos regime.
● Urban planning and architecture were also highlighted through the establishment
of the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex and other structures.
● Social realism became the leading movement in response to martial law’s
horrors.
● Literary, visual, and performing arts were used to express dissent. For instance,
the acrostic poem Prometheus Unbound by Jose Lacaba, whose pen name is
Ruben Cuevas, revealed the hidden message “Marcos, Hitler, Diktador, Tuta,” a
chant during protests.

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Contemporary Arts in the Philippines

● When martial law was lifted, Filipinos were reintroduced to democracy.

● The newfound freedom paved the way for more diverse and expressive Filipino
artworks.
● Art has now become more about self-expression. With the rise of technology and
the popularity of social media, Filipinos found more platforms and ways to
express themselves, thereby continuously changing the art scene.

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DEBATE

Instructions
● Form two groups. Each group will be assigned a stand on whether art is
revolutionary or not.
● Come up with reasons to support the assigned stand.
● Choose three to five representatives to deliver the arguments the respective
groups came up with.

Art is revolutionary: Art can dramatically impact the identity of the nation and its
culture.
Art is not revolutionary: Art does not significantly contribute to the development
of the culture and identity of the nation.

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Choose one statement below.

Instructions
Art is revolutionary: Art can dramatically impact the identity of the nation and its
culture.

Art is not revolutionary: Art does not significantly contribute to the development
of the culture and identity of the nation.

Justify your answer.

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ART MOVEMENT

The Philippines is an archipelagic nation, which has a diverse set of cultures and
traditions. Because of this, various art forms can be found in the country. Different
ethnic groups have their art traditions and styles that make up their identity. Likewise,
art can contribute to the development of national identity by serving as reflections of
a country’s realities, traditions, and history. Filipino artists constantly explore unique
and resourceful ways to convey these realities and contribute to the nation’s culture
and arts.

Art movements such as realism, minimalism, conceptual art, and neo-Expressionism

are some of the common movements that Filipino artists used in their creations.
These movements help our artists create works representing the nation’s identity.

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Stoplight

STOP CONTINUE START

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PHOTO CREDITS
Slide 7: Agung 11 by Philip Dominguez Mercurio is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons.

Slide 9: Our Lady of the Gate Parish (Daraga Church) by Christopher Aquino is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

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