11th

11thgrade
grade

LIMITS AND
CONTINUITY
LESSON 1.6: Intermediate Value &
Extreme Value Theorem
 Recall:
Recall:

CONTINUITY OF A
FUNCTION
A function is continuous at , all three of the following conditions are
met:
 Recall
Recall
Determine if the function is continuous or not.

1. 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=3 𝑥 − x +5 ; at x=1
2

2
𝑎 . 𝑓 ( 1 )= 3 ( 1 ) − 1+ 5= 3 − 1+5
¿𝟕
¿ 2
3 ( 1 ) − 1+5=3 − 1+ 5
¿𝟕
𝑐 . 𝑓 ( 1 )= lim 𝑓 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠
𝑥) ,
𝑥 →1
 LIMITS
LIMITSAND
AND CONTINUITY
CONTINUITY

Intermediate Value
Theorem
 Lesson
Lesson Objectives:
Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

illustrated the Intermediate Value and Extreme Value

01
01 Theorem

solved problems using Intermediate Value and

02
02 Extreme Value Theorem
You measure the weight of
your new puppy and she is .
Ten days later she weighs .
Then, for any weight between

Weight ()
and , there must have been
days when her weight was
exactly .

Days
 Intermediate
Intermediate Value
Value Theorem
Theorem

A useful property of continuous functions is given by the

Intermediate Value Theorem.

Given a function which is continuous on a closed interval

let be any real number between and where Then, there
exists a number
The function is continuous on We can see that is between and . Note that
with and with
 Example
Example 1:
1:

Verify that the IVT applies to the function

on the interval .
Then, find the value(s) of

The polynomial function is continuous on so it is

continuous on . Since and then . Thus, the IVT hold.
 Example
Example 1:
1: (continuation)
(continuation)

To find the value of between and , equate .

Because is not between and , then the appropriate

must be . Therefore, since the conditions of the
theorem are satisfied, we are sure there exists a
number between and such that
 Example
Example 2:
2:

Verify that the IVT applies to the function

on the interval .
Then, find the value(s) of

The polynomial function is continuous on so it is

continuous on . Since and then . Thus, the IVT hold.
 Example
Example 2:
2: (continuation)
(continuation)

To find the value of between and , equate .

Because is not between and , then the appropriate must

be . Therefore, since the conditions of the theorem are
satisfied, we are sure there exists a number between and
such that
 Seatwork
Seatwork 1:
1:

Verify that the IVT applies to the given functions on the

interval .Then, find the value(s) of

𝒂 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑥 − 6 𝑥 +8 , [ 0 , 3 ] , 𝐿=0
2

𝒃 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =√ 𝑥 , [ 1, 9 ] , 𝐿= 2
 LIMITS
LIMITSAND
AND CONTINUITY
CONTINUITY

Existence of Zero
If a function is continuous on a closed interval and
and alternate signs, then there exists at least one
root of in the closed interval .
 Example
Example 3:
3:

Consider the function Show that there is zero on

the interval

Since and Therefore, there is zero between

 Example
Example 4:
4:

Consider the function Show that there is zero on the

interval

Since and Therefore, there is zero between

 Seatwork
Seatwork 2:
2:

Consider the function f(x). Show that there is zero in the given
interval.

𝒂 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑥 +3 𝑥 − 2 , [ 0 , 1 ] ,
3

𝒃 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 𝑥 −1 , [ −2 , 2 ]
3 2
REMARKS:

1. The IVT tells us that if the conditions are meet, we are sure of the
existence of at least one number

2. The IVT does not tell us how to find the number or number . It just
guarantees the existence of at least one .

3. The IVT implies that if is a continuous function and assumes all

values in the open interval , then must take on all functional values
between and .
4. The IVT can be used to find the roots or zeros of a function that is
continuous on a closed interval . If and change signs from positive to
negative or negative to positive, then there at least one root of in the
closed interval .

5. The geometric interpretation of the IVT is that if any horizontal

lies between the horizontal lines
and , then the graph of must intersect the line at some number
between and .
LIMITS
LIMITSAND
AND CONTINUITY
CONTINUITY

Extreme Value
Theorem
 Extreme
Extreme Value
Value Theorem
Theorem

The Extreme Value Theorem states that if is

continuous on a closed interval , then must
have a maximum and minimum on the
interval .
 Maximum

Minimum

A minimum value of occurs at some if in the interval.

A maximum value of occurs at some if in the interval.
 Maximum is between Maximum and
Minimum at &
points and & Minimum Minimum in between
Maximum at at and
 STEPS IN GETTING THE EXTREME VALUES OF THE
FUNCTION:

• Find the derivative and determine all the critical values of that are
in

• Evaluate the function at the critical values and endpoints of the

interval.

• The largest function value obtained is the maximum value and the
smallest function value is the minimum value of the function in the
given interval.
 Example
Example 5:
5:

Determine the minimum and maximum value given the

function at closed interval .
2
𝑎 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =𝑥 −2 𝑥+ 4 𝑎𝑡 [−1 , 2]

Maximum

Minimum
maximum

minimum
 Seatwork
Seatwork 3:
3:

Determine the minimum and maximum value given the

function at closed interval .

2
𝑎 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =2 𝑥 +8 𝑥 +3 𝑎𝑡 [− 3 , 1]
ACTIVITY
TIME!
END