Cardiopulmona

ry resuscitation
(CPR): First aid
CPR Facts
> The most common cause of death from a heart attack in adults is
ventricular fibrillation
> Ventricular fibrillation:
• A disturbance in the electrical rhythm of the heart
• Can be treated with defibrillation (applying an electrical shock
to the chest)
• If a defibrillator is not readily available, brain death will occur in
less than 10 minutes

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CPR Facts
> During cardiac arrest, the heart stops pumping blood.
• CPR is one way of buying time until normal heart function is restored or
a defibrillator becomes available.
• CPR provides artificial breathing and circulation, keeping oxygenated
blood flowing to the heart and brain.
• The earlier you give CPR, the greater the chance of success.
> CPR is a combination of rescue breathing and chest compressions.

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When to Give CPR
> Someone is not breathing and has no pulse
> If someone is not breathing, but has a pulse, perform rescue
breathing

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When to Give CPR
Check the ABCs:
> Airway
> Breathing
> Circulation

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A is for Airway
> Check their mouth or throat for blockage
> Sweep the inside of the mouth with your fingers, if necessary

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B is for Breathing
> Put your ear to the mouth and nose
> Listen to see if they are breathing
> Observe if the chest is rising
> Feel for breaths on your cheek

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C is for Circulation
Feel for a pulse
> Put your fingers on the side of
the neck or on the top of the
underside of the wrist
> Do NOT use your thumb. Your
own pulse may be felt, and this
could lead to confusion

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Rescue Breathing
> Perform if a person has a pulse but is NOT breathing
> Make sure they are lying on their back

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Before you begin
Before starting CPR, check:
Is the environment safe for the person?
Is the person conscious or unconscious?
If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or her shoulder and ask loudly, "Are you
OK?"
If the person doesn't respond and you're with another person who can help, have one person
call 911 or the local emergency number and get the AED,(An automated external defibrillator
(AED) is a lightweight, portable device that delivers an electric shock through the chest
to the heart. The shock can potentially stop an irregular heart beat (arrhythmia) and allow a
normal rhythm to resume following sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).) if one is available. Have the
other person begin CPR.
If you are alone and have immediate access to a telephone, call 911 or your local emergency
number before beginning CPR. Get the AED if one is available.
As soon as an AED is available, deliver one shock if instructed by the device, then begin CPR.

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The American Heart Association uses the letters C-A-B to help people
remember the order to perform the steps of CPR.
C: compressions
A: airway
B: breathing

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CPR Procedure
> If a person’s airway is clear but they are NOT breathing and do NOT
have a pulse
> CPR involves giving compressions which pump blood to the brain
and heart.

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CPR Procedure
To give compressions:
. Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface.
Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders.
Place the lower palm (heel) of your hand over the center of
the person's chest,
Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your
elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above
your hands.
Push straight down on (compress) the chest at least 2 inches
(5 centimeters) but no more than 2.4 inches (6 centimeters).
Use your entire body weight (not just your arms) when doing
compressions.
Push hard at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions a minute
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Airway: Open the airway
If you're trained in CPR and you've performed 30 chest compressions,
open the person's airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. Put
your palm on the person's forehead and gently tilt the head back. Then
with the other hand, gently lift the chin forward to open the airway.

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Breathing: Breathe for the person
Rescue breathing can be mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouth-to-nose
breathing if the mouth is seriously injured or can't be opened. Current
recommendations suggest performing rescue breathing using a bag-
mask device with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter.

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