Lesson Goal: Gain

the ability to
Lesson 3 - Bohr’s model of the construct a model of
an atom
atom
Recap: What is the structure of an atom?
Bohr’s model
 Electrons move around in electron
shells.
 Electrons closest have low energy &
those furthest away have more.
 Each shell has a limit to the number
of electrons they hold.
 1st : 2 electrons
 2nd : 8 electrons Oxygen: atomic number 8
 3rd : 8 electrons up to the element Atomic no=Electron no 8 electrons
Calcium (element number 20) 2 in 1st shell and 6 in 2nd shell.
Fun fact: it can hold up to 18 Configuration: 2, 6
electrons
As a group draw an example of the atom for each of
these elements
Electron configuration
Electron configuration shows how
many electrons are in each shell.
We always start with the inner most
shell and write outwards.
For example: Carbon: 2,4
This means: two electrons on the first
shell and four electrons on the second
shell.
Try Sodium, element 11
Sodium is element number 11
It has 11 protons and 11
electrons.
The first shell can fit 2, the
second can fit 8 and there is 1
left over in the third shell.
The configuration is 2, 8, 1
Electron configuration
The rows going across the periodic table tell us how many shells each element
has.
The elements in each group have the same number of electrons on their outer
most shells.
Try these examples Bohr’s model
• Magnesium (atomic number 12) • Chlorine (atomic number 17)

2,8,17
2,8,2
Valence electrons
 Electrons in outermost shell of an atom are
called valence electrons.
 Valence electrons have the most energy.
 Easily taken by other elements to form ions
(charged atoms) due to having less attraction
to nucleus.
 Number of valence electrons determine the
element will react.

 The shells like to be full! It makes them stable.

 A shell with only a few valence electrons is likely
to lose them.
 A shell that is almost full is likely to gain electrons
Valence Electrons?