ACADEMIC READING

AND WRITING

RUZEN S. MAGTAGÑOB-OLIVEROS
SHS TEACHER-ACADEMIC
 Contents of this lesson

Basic Reading Skills Types of Reading

1. Rapid Reading
a. Skimming 1. Developmental Reading
b. Locating the main 2. Pleasure Reading
idea 3. Functional Reading
c. Scanning 4. Remedial Reading
2. Previewing
3. Literal Reading
a. Summarizing
b. Paraphrasing
4. Inferential Reading
5. Critical Reading
A. Rapid
Reading
- aims to locate specific information or
main ideas in a very short span of time.
Example of this include skimming and
scanning, which are both part of reading
skills.
 a. Skimming
- Get an overview of the paragraph and state its main idea.
- When you try to get the general idea by reading through the text
quickly, what you do is skimming. It is type of quick reading
which aims to get the main idea and to get an overview of the
material. It is usually done when reading newspapers, magazines,
books, and letters.
 a. Skimming
The following are some techniques for effective skimming.

i. Use your finger as a guide when reading across the line.

ii. Focus more on the first and the last sentences of each paragraph;
they usually contain the main idea of the text.
 b. Locating the main idea
- Involves the identification of the central message of a reading selection.

- The main idea is usually found in either or both the first and the last
sentences of a paragraph, but it may also appear in the middle or may
simple be implied and not explicitly stated in the text.
 b. Locating the main idea
- To determine the main idea more easily, study the levels of ideas in a
paragraph, and see which elements help in pointing to the main idea.

- LEVELS OF IDEAS IN A PARAGRAPH:

MAIN IDEA;
Major details- directly supports the main idea;
Minor details- directly support the major detail.
 b. Locating the main idea

Below are some techniques in locating the main idea.

i. Identify the topic or the subject of a text

ii. Take note of transitional devices such a thus, therefore, to conclude, and to
sum up, as they may signal the main idea.
iii. Validate your identified main idea by analyzing if all supporting details
directly or indirectly support it.
 c. Scanning

Since you are focused on getting only the grade of Brutus, you
do not have to read the whole list. That is called SCANNING. It is a
quick reading strategy which aims to get specific information from a
given text.
Scanning is useful in locating the specific name of a board
passer, looking an old email in your inbox, or checking specific
information in a graph. Develop this skill further by applying the
following tips.
B. Previewing
- is a skill wherein a reader looks over a material and focuses
on the information he/she finds relevant. Previewing also
allows readers to set the purpose and link the content of the
material to their background knowledge. It is conducted
during the prereading stage.
B. Previewing
Effective previewing involves clarifying the purpose, reading
the title, the headings, and checking the illustration and other
visuals. BROWSING, or inspection unhurriedly, the table of
contents, introduction, or summary, is also a previewing
technique.
C. Literal Reading
involves the understanding of ideas and facts that are directly
stated in the printed materials. Skills under this category
include note-taking, paraphrasing, and summarizing. These
are done in the post reading stage.
 a. Summarizing

- when you are able to get the essence of the text and still
retain the same information? This is called
SUMMARIZING. It is a reading skill that involves
condensing a lengthy text into a shorter passage which is
usually 15 to 30 percent of the source material.
a. Summarizing

It is essential that the thesis statement or the topic sentence

is included in the summary. Major details may also be
mentioned, but they are not required. A citation of the
original source is always necessary.
a. Summarizing

By practicing effective summarizing, you can

improve your studying, writing, and reading
skills. The following are some strategies in
summarizing:
 a. Summarizing
i. Annotate, i.e., add notes to the original text to highlight
important ideas, but avoid putting your own comments.
ii. If you are summarizing a text with multiple paragraphs, get the
main idea of each paragraph and write them in your own
words. Combine them into a coherent article using transitional
devices.
iii. Ensure accuracy by comparing your summary to the original
text.
b. Paraphrasing-

- involves restating ideas from the original text.

Unlike a summary, the length of a paraphrased
text is almost similar to the length of the original
text because it focuses on the details and not on the
main idea. A paraphrased text also cites and
preserves the tone of the original text.
b. Paraphrasing-

Generally, paraphrasing is done to simplify a

complicated text, improve study skills, and borrow
ideas without quoting directly. The following
strategies for effective paraphrasing:
b. Paraphrasing-

i. Do not change the original thought of the text; change

the way it is conveyed.
ii. Do not confuse it with a summary. Focus on details, not
on the main idea alone.
iii. As with summarizing, ensure accuracy by comparing the
original and the paraphrased texts.
D. Inferential Reading
- refers to the process of deducing facts and ideas not
directly expressed in the text. It is also known as “reading
between the line.” This skill includes making
generalization, inferences, and conclusions. This is applied
during the while-reading stage.
D. Inferential Reading
An inferences is an idea drawn from facts or details in the text.
Along with the evidence in the text, prior knowledge and
experiences, as well as personal beliefs, are also used as
bases in making an inference.
D. Inferential Reading

Making inferences is important so that the reader can fully

understand the text, even when some of the information is
left out by the author.
E. Critical reading
- refers to the close and thorough evaluation of the claims
in the text in terms of relevance, validity, and logic. This
skill includes distinguishing facts from opinions and
detecting logical fallacies. As with inferential reading,
critical reading happens in the while-reading stage.
Types of Reading
 People have different reasons why they read, but most of these
reasons, if not all, fall under three general purposes: to be
informed, to be entertained, and to be inspired.

Some of the various types or reading are defined and classified

according to purpose. Read the following to learn about them.
1.Developmental Reading- a systematic
instruction which aims to develop the students’
reading skills.

Ex. Ryan reads a long text to improve his reading

comprehension skills.
2. Pleasure Reading- a more passive type of
reading that primarily aims to provide enjoyment and
entertainment

Ex. Karen reads her favorite book, To Kill a

Mockingbird, to relax after a long day.
3. Functional Reading- designed to help students
learn basic functional reading ability.

Ex. Felipe reads a college application form to

understand how to fill it out.
4. Remedial Reading- aims to correct the effects
of poor teaching and poor learning.

Ex. Francis reads a pronunciation chart with his

teacher to help him correct his pronunciation of
diphthongs.
1. Skimming
2. Rapid Reading
3. Major details
4. 15-30 percent
5. Literal reading
6. Critical reading
7. Pleasure reading
8. Remedial reading
9. Inferential reading
10.Developmental reading