What are we

learning about
today?
 Magnets and Magnetic Fields
Learning Outcomes:
WHAT: Literacy/numeracy
Recognise magnetic force as a non-
contact force.
Define how magnetic poles interact.
Deduce magnetic field lines through The Big Picture/context
investigation.
HOW:
Experience magnetic and non-magnetic MAGNETISM
materials

Use plotting compasses to construct

magnetic field diagram.
What’s happening?
Why metal is getting attached to magnet?
Magnetic Materials
. Materials that are attracted to a magnet, but do
not attract or repel each other

iron nails steel spoon and

knife
Sorting activity
Which of the metals below are magnetic metals?
Explain why? co
ba go ld
lt (Au)
(C
o)
e) nic
(F
co p k el
n

per (N
iro

(Cu c (Z n) i)
) zin
g )
(M (Al)
ium ium
es umin
gn silver (Ag) al
ma
A magnetic material is attracted to a magnet .
Only iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) are magnetic.
S
N N
i
Fe
Au

Co
Cu
Mg Zn
Ag Al
Non-magnetic Materials
Materials that are not attracted to a magnet.
…metals such as
copper container
gold, aluminium,
silver and copper.

Aluminium
gold jewelry
jewelry
All non-metals such as plastic, wood, paper,
glass and clay are non-magnetic materials.
Class expectations:
Read the instructions carefully
• Desk set up : Science note book & Pencil pouch on
the table.
• All other materials inside the backpack.
• Voices need to be off during instruction & working time.
• Please raise you hand for questions or comments.
• Do not blurt out.
• Once read answer the questions given below.
Do Now:
Analyse the picture and state answers to the questions.
 www.sciencetutors.zoomshare.c

Donow: a. Analyse the picture and state

answer to the question.

Look at the pile of rubbish.

Your task is to list bits (of
rubbish) which cannot be picked
up with a magnet
for recycling. And explain why?
b. Identify magnetic and non magnetic
material?
C
A

B
D
Time for Vocabulary
What is Magnetic Pole?
 Magnet pole is the end of a magnet where the
magnetic field is strongest.
What is Magnetic Force?

 Magnetic Force is the strength of the attraction or

repulsion of magnets.
How do we measure strength of the magnet
force?
 Magnetic Field – invisible lines showing the
magnetic force.
 What are the lines indicating?

Distance between the lines tells you how strong the Magnetic Force
is.
Can you find the difference between the images ?
 Magnet domain – group of
atoms that have their magnetic
poles aligned in the same
direction
 Investigation
You are going to discover which of these objects are magnetic and which are not.
But first, take a few minutes to think about whether some of the ways you sorted
the objects will affect whether or not they are magnetic. Read the following
questions and record your thoughts.

 Will the object’s weight affect whether or not it is attracted to the magnet? Explain your
response.

 Will the object’s texture affect whether or not it is attracted to the magnet? Explain
your response.

 Will the object’s size affect whether or not it is attracted to the magnet? Explain your
response.
Can you identify the magnetic material he is
using?
What are the different types of magnetic
material?
Based on the magnetic property of the material they
are divided in to three types:

• Ferromagnetic material
• Paramagnetic material
• Diamagnetic material
Ferromagnetic materials
 Ferromagnetic materials are special types of
metals where electrons spin the same direction
called domains.
 Example: The bar magnet

 They are of two types

 Soft Ferromagnetic material
 Hard Ferromagnetic material
What are the types of ferromagnetic materials?
Soft ferromagnets: described as ferromagnetic metals that do
not easily remain magnetized. Iron and nickel are soft,
domains become unaligned, loosing magnetism when a
magnetic field is removed.
Hard ferromagnets: ferromagnetic metals like steel and
neodymium that keep domains aligned after a magnetic field is
removed.
 Paramagnetic Materials
 Paramagnetic materials are materials that tend to get weakly
magnetized in the direction of the magnetizing field when placed
in a magnetic field.
 Paramagnetic materials have a permanent dipole moment or
permanent magnetic moment. However, if we remove the applied
field the materials tend to lose their magnetism. This is because
thermal motion randomizes the spin orientations of the electrons.
Diamagnetic Material

 Diamagnetic substances are composed of atoms which

have no net magnetic moments.
 They are materials feebly repelled by the magnets.
What are Magnets?
 What are magnets?
 Magnets come from
magnetite
 It is the most magnetic of all the
naturally-occurring minerals on
Earth.
 Magnets attract objects made
of iron or steel (like nails and
paperclips)
Based on their occurrence, What type of
magnets they are?
Artificial
magnets
Do you know the biggest natural magnet on
earth?

Natural
magnet
What are Natural Magnets?

 The naturally occurring

materials which have the
property of attracting iron.
 These are weak magnets.
 They are always permanent magnets
 Example: Magnetite (Lodestone)
What are Artificial Magnets?
• They are made of
materials like iron, cobalt
and nickel which can be
easily magnetized.
• They are strong
magnets.
• They can be made in
different shapes and sizes.
Check: Identify the type of magnet?

Natural
magnet
Do you know what type of magnets they are?

Temporary Permanent
Can magnets be further classified?
 Magnets are classified in to two forms based on their
usage in an applications.
“Permanent Magnets” “Temporary Magnets”
 What is an Induced or Temporary Magnet?
 An induced or temporary magnetic is created when a "soft"
ferromagnetic material is in the presence of an external magnetic
field.
 Domains align and that object becomes an induced temporary
magnet.
 When the external magnetic field is removed will magnetism will
easily be lost.
 What is a Permanent Magnet?
 A permanent magnet is different than a temporary magnet
because a "hard" ferromagnetic material is placed in a
strong magnetic field.
 Domains align with a magnetic field and maintain that
alignment after the magnetic field is removed.
Do now

Methods of Classification

Describe various ways to sort the objects in front of

you:
Analyse the picture and state what’s happening?
What is magnetism?
 Magnetism is the force of attraction or
repulsion of a magnetic material due to the
arrangement of its atoms, particularly its
electrons.
What causes magnetism?
 Atoms themselves have magnetic
properties due to the spin of the atom‟s
electrons.
 Groups of atoms join so that their magnetic
fields are all going in the same direction.
 These areas of atoms are called “domains”.
What causes magnetism?
 When an unmagnetized substance is
placed in a magnetic field, the
substance can become magnetized.
 This happens when the spinning
electrons line up in the same direction.
What causes magnetism?

 An unmagnetized substance looks like

this…

 While a magnetized substance looks like

this…
Check
Check
Check
Ways to Demagnetize a Magnet

 Heating a magnet makes molecules

move around quicker causing domains to
loose alignment.

 Dropping or hitting the magnet caused

domains to loose alignment.
PROPERTIES OF MAGNETS
There are north poles and south poles.
 Magnets set up a magnetic field around it.
 Like poles repel, unlike poles attract.
 Magnetic forces attract only magnetic
materials.
 Magnetic forces act at a distance.
Suggest practical ways of verifying the
Poles of a Magnet.
1. North and South Poles
 Every magnet has at least one north pole
and one south pole.
 If you take a bar magnet and break it into
two pieces, each piece will again have a
north pole and a south pole.

 No matter how small the pieces of the magnet

become, each piece will have a north pole
and a south pole.
1. North and South Poles, cont.

 It has not been shown to be

possible to end up with a single
North pole or a single South pole,
which is a monopole ("mono"
means one or single, thus one
pole).
Magneto????
 2.Magnetic Fields The stronger the magnetic
field, the greater the number
 Magnetic field - area surrounding a of magnetic field lines
magnet through which magnetic force
exerted and that extends between a
magnets north and south poles.
 Magnetic fields are created from
moving electric charges
 Magnetic field lines begin at a
magnet’s north pole and end on the
south pole.
 Field lines that curve toward each other
show attraction
 Field lines that curve away show repulsion
2. Magnetic Fields
 Michael Faraday realized that a magnet has
a
„magnetic field‟ distributed throughout
the
surrounding space.

 This field exerts a force on any charge/magnetic

material on it.
 2. Magnetic Fields, cont.
 Field lines converge where the magnetic force is strong,
and spread out where it is weak. In a compact bar
magnet or dipole, field lines spread out from one pole
and converge towards the other.
Magnetic Field
Magnets have magnetic fields
A magnetic field is the area around a
magnet where there is a magnetic
force

Magnetic force is invisible, so

how can we draw the magnetic
field lines?
The direction of the magnetic force is from NORTH
to SOUTH

Can you think of a memory tool to help you

remember this rule?
Check

Both
are
wrong
Check
Which one is right and which one is wrong?

Now!
Both
are
Right.
Oh no!
 3.Law of magnets
If you bring 2 bar magnets close together… what happens?
Two Opposite poles attract Two like poles repel
Which of these bar magnets
will attract each other and which pair will repel?
Explain why?
TASK II
N S
Write a complete
S S sentence using the
following keywords:
ii)Attraction
S N iii)Repulsion
iv)Like poles
v) Unlike
N N poles
Activity- What Happens if you Break a
Permanent Magnet?
 Breaking a permanent magnet creates two weaker
magnets.
 The dipoles would be aligned the same direction as
previously.
 The opposite poles would be next to each other and
attract.
 The inherent cause of magnetism, electron spinning
direction remains the same.
4. Attract only magnetic materials
 Magnets only attract certain types of metals, other
materials such as glass, plastic and wood aren't
attracted.

 Metals such as iron, nickel and cobalt are attracted to

magnets.
Most magnet
howeve are notattracted to
metals
These includer s,
copper, silver, gold, magnesium, platinum, aluminium and more.
They may however magnetize a small amount while placed in a
magnetic field.

 Magnetism can attract magnetic objects or

push them away.
 5. Action at a Distance

 Although two magnets

may not be
touching, they still
interact through their
magnetic fields.
 This explains the
„action at a
distance‟, say of a
compass.
Bar-Magnet Planet
Why the Earth's magnetic fiel
d matters!
 Why does a compass point
North?
 What else does the Earth’s
magnetic field do?
Do you know that earth has a magnetic
field?

• Earth’s core has molten

iron and nickel which is
always spinning
• The spinning core acts
like a magnet
What is magnetosphere?
Earth’s Magnetic Field
 Magnetosphere
 Origin – thought to be deep within
Earth in the outer core layer
 Movement of molten iron in the outer core
 Animals use Earth’s magnetic field
(honeybees, rainbow trout, homing
pigeons)
 Compass – tool for finding and
mapping magnetic fields/ needle is a
magnet
Activity- Interacting Magnetic Fields
You are going to investigate how magnetic fields
interact using the suspended iron filings.

 Does the shape look similar to the one

plotted for a single bar magnet?
 What about when two opposing poles are
placed next to each other under the tablet?
 Same for like poles

Make labelled diagrams of your findings in your

workbooks.
Two like poles repel
Two Opposite poles
attract
Activity- Think pair & share (School Trip…)

A recycling centre has a problem. Somehow

the iron cans have been mixed up with the
aluminium cans, and they look identical!
All signs point to a couple of mischievous
Year 12s being responsible. Luckily there
are some more helpful Year 12 pupils (i.e.
you) who have offered to separate them.
How can you separate the cans?
Activity- Think pair & share (Lost Keys…)

After arriving late for work, Joshua’s dad

drops his keys down a drain. One key is
brass, one key is steel, and one key is zinc.
Knowing Joshua has just studied magnetism
at school he phones him for his advice.
What advice should Joshua give his dad?
Activity- Just a Minute
One pupil starts to speak about the topic covered. At the first
repetition, pause or mistake another takes over and so on until
the minute is up.
Review