Chapter 2

Various Element That

May Be Exposed To
Exposed To Hazard:
Environmental, Social and
Economic
EXPOSURE AND
VULNERABILITY
List of 1

2
Describe how vulnerability affect risk:
Distinguish vulnerability from hazard,

Contents 3
exposure disaster risk:
List elements at risk of hazard

4 Determine the vulnerability of exposed

element: and
5 Explain the importance of developing an
inventory of element at risk
Element at Risk and Exposure
Element at risk are the people properties
economic activities and private and public
services potentially threatened by a
harmful event. Risk assessment involves
the identification and mapping of the
elements at risk and the assessments of
vulnerability.
WHAT IS HAZARD AND
EXPOSURE ? HAZARD Refer to the probability of occurrence
at a given magnitude. In next chapter , the subject
of hazards will be discussed in more details.
EXPOSURE elements can refers to the number of
people or structures within the exposed area.
Figures for these two types of elements at risk the
most relabels and least subjective
 The combination of both
hazard and exposed
population provides the
physical exposure:
Meaning of the following:

PhExp - Physical exposure for the affected area

Hazard - Probability of occurrence if an event at a

given magnitude.

Exposure - Total population living in the affected

area for each event.
Social, environmental and economic
dimensions of exposure and
vulnerability.
WHEN A DISASTER STRIKES
CASUALTIES . DEATH, MISSING PERSON ,
AND INJURED PEOPLE AND PROPERTY
LOSSSES AND DAMAGES ARE THE FIRST
TO BE REPORTED IN TRIMEDIA.
 SOCIAL
Exposure and vulnerability refers to the
characteristics, behaviors, and conditions of
human populations that shape their susceptibility
to the effects of hazards. This includes factors
such as population density, demographic
composition, income level, education, health
status, and social networks. Vulnerable
populations, such as the elderly, children, people
with disabilities, and marginalized groups, often
bear the brunt of disasters due to limited access to
resources, information, and services, as well as
social inequalities and discrimination.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
Exposure and vulnerability encompasses the
natural and built environment's characteristics and
conditions that influence the likelihood and
severity of hazard impacts. This includes factors
such as land use patterns, geological features,
ecosystems, biodiversity, climate variability, and
environmental degradation. Environmental
vulnerabilities, such as deforestation, soil erosion,
coastal erosion, and habitat loss, can exacerbate
the impact of hazards and increase communities'
susceptibility to disasters.
 ECONOMIC
Exposure and vulnerability relates to the
economic activities, assets, and infrastructure that
are at risk of damage or disruption from hazards.
This includes factors such as income levels,
employment patterns, economic sectors,
infrastructure development, and property values.
Economic vulnerabilities, such as poverty, lack of
insurance coverage, inadequate infrastructure, and
dependence on vulnerable industries, can
exacerbate the social and environmental impacts
of hazards, leading to greater loss and hardship.
 ACTIVITY?
Why is it important to consider social,
environmental, and economic factors
when preparing communities for
disasters or challenges?