HUMANS VERSUS ENVIRONMENT

BASIC CONCEPT
OF HAZARD
 Natural Hazard
-natural process or phenomenon that
may cause loss of life , injury or
other health impacts , property
damage , loss of livelihoods and
services , social and economic
disruption or environmental damage.
- It is used to describe actual hazard events
as well as the latent hazard conditions that
may give rise to future events.

 Technological hazards
A hazard originating from technological
or industrial conditions including
accidents ,dangerous procedures ,
infrastructure failures or specific human
activities.
 that may cause loss of life , injury ,
illness or other health impacts , property
damage , loss of livelihoods and services,
social and economic disruption or
environmental damage.
 Biological hazard – includes outbreaks
of epidemic diseases ,insect or other
animal plagues and infestations.
 Hydrometeorological hazard
• process or phenomenon of atmospheric
or oceanographic nature that may cause
loss of life , injury or other health
impacts , property damage, loss of
livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption or environmental
damage.
• It include tropical cyclones ( also known
as typhoons and hurricanes) ,
thunderstorms , hailstorms , tornados,
blizzards , heavy snowfall, coastal storm
surges , floods including flash floods,
drought , heat waves and cold spells
 Geological Hazard
• Include internal earth processes , such as
earthquakes , volcanic activity and
emissions and related geophysical
processes such as mass movements ,
landslides , rockslides, surface collapses
and debris and mud flows.
• A disaster is the result of a hazard’s impact on
society. So the effects of a disaster are
determined by the extent of a community’s
vulnerability to the hazard ( conversely , its
ability or capacity to cope with it . ) This
vulnerability is not natural , but the result of an
entire range of a constantly changing
physical , social , economic , cultural ,
political and even psychological factors that
shape the people’s lives and create the
environments in which they live.
• Coping Capacity for disaster risk
reduction refers to the ability of people ,
organizations and systems using available
skills and resources to face and manage
adverse conditions such as hazards ,
emergencies or disasters.
• Resilience - means that an area or
ecosystem under threat is restored to its
original pristine state.
• In the construction and
engineering industry ,
resilience would be the ability
of metal or structure to return
to an original state – being
able to withstand shock ,
weight or pressure.