Mid term test

Revision
Unit 4
Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core
Crust

First layer

Thinnest layer

Coolest layer

It’s solid

Made of rock
Mantle

second layer

Thicker than the crust

Warmer than the crust

It’s liquid

Made of magma (melted

rock)
When magma flows
onto Earth's surface, it is
called lava.
Outer core

third layer

Thicker than the mantle

Hotter than the mantle

It’s solid

Made of iron & nickel

(metal)
Iron
Nickel
Inner core

Fourth layer

Thickest layer

Hottest layer

It’s liquid

Made of iron & nickel

(metal)
 Thinnest to thickest. Coolest to hottest
Material Solid / Liquid
(1-4) (1-4)

1 1? rock
? solid
crust ?

Magma
mantle 2 2? ? rock) liquid
?
(melted

outer core 3 3? Iron &?nickel ?

solid
(metal)

inner core Iron & nickel

4 4? ? liquid
?
(metal)
How are volcanos made?

Objective: to be able to describe common features of volcanos

and explain how they are formed.
Different types of volcanos:
 I can label some important features of a composite volcano

Ash

crater

main vent

Secondary
vent lava

magma

Earth's
Magma crust
chamber
 I can identify common features of volcanoes from their
descriptions.

magma
Melted rock in the Earth’s crust: _ _ _ _ _

lava
Melted rock outside the Earth’s crust: _ _ _ _

vent
The main pipe of a volcano: _ _ _ _

crater
The opening at the top of a volcano: _ _ _ _ _ _

ash
Burned lava: _ _ _

Secondary cone
A small volcano on the side of a bigger volcano: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Earthquakes
Earthquakes

What does ‘quake’ mean?

‘Quake’ means shake.

What does ‘earthquake’ mean?

‘Earthquake’ means a shaking of the Earth.
How do earthquakes happen?
• A sudden movement of rocks in the Earth's crust
The movement creates...
• Huge amounts of Energy
The energy changes or transfers into...
• Waves

• We feel these waves on the Earth's surface as an earthquake

The earthquake begins at the focus inside the
crust
The worst damage on the Earth's surface is at
the epicentre
Pacific ring of fire are at a high risk of an earthquake and volcanoes
The ocean that the Pacific ring of fire is in, is the Pacific Ocean
 I can explain how earthquakes are caused.

crust is made of large flat areas of rock. These rub against each other, and any
The Earth’s __________

friction waves
sudden movement causes a lot of __________ where they meet. The energy creates __________

focus
which travel to the Earth’s surface. The starting point of the earthquake is called the __________.

epicenter
The waves are felt strongest directly above the focus and this is called the __________. Some

small
earthquakes are so __________ that people don’t notice them. However, some Earthquakes are

damage Pacific Ring Fire

big and can cause lots of __________. Areas on the __________ __________ of __________ are

volcanoes
at high risk of earthquakes, as well as __________.
Tsunami
A Tsunami is a...
• Huge sea wave

How does a Tsunami happen?

• It’s an earthquake or volcanic eruption under the sea

• The energy from the earthquake is transferred into huge sea waves
What is a coastal area?

• The border between the land and the sea

• Sea waves get bigger and come towards the coastal area

• This creates flooding

 I can label adaptations of a fish and describe their functions.

gills

fins

Adaptation Function

Gills For breathing underwater.

Fins
For swimming.
 I can complete a table to show how birds have different shaped
beaks that are suited to catching and eating different food.

Bird Adaptation of Beak Function of Beak

Pigeon Small and pointed. It cracks open seeds.

It uses the points to

Starling Long and pointed.
__________
__________
dig for worms.

Kingfisher Large with a sharp __________.

point It catches __________.
fish

strains plants and animals from

It __________
Flamingo Long and __________.
flat
water.
 Plant adaptations in the desert

•The desert is a dry area with a little water

•plants have small leaves and many spines

which help them to keep water in.

•Roots are near the soil surfaces that soak up

water before it evaporates.

•They grow slowly so they do not have to make

much food.

•Example: different types of Cactus