ARCH 415

STEEL AND
TIMBER DESIGN
ENGR. CHEZANIE MIYA S.
ASUNCION

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 INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS STRUCTURAL STEEL?

It is mainly used for construction purposes because of its
rigidity and high strength to weight ratio. Structural steel is
used to construct residential and commercial buildings,
warehouses, aircraft hangers, hospital and school buildings,
metro stations, stadiums, bridges, etc.

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 TYPES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL

1 2 3
CARBON HIGH STRENGTH QUENCHED AND
STEEL LOW-ALLOY TEMPERED
STEELS(HSLA) ALLOY STEELS

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CARBON STEEL
• Contain carbon ranging between 0.05% up
to 2.1%
• It is a steel with carbon content, it also
includes alloy steels.
• Carbon steel cannot be categorized as
stainless steel.
• Carbon is used as the chief strengthening
element with minimum yield stresses
ranging from 220 MPa to 290 MPa.
• An increase in carbon content raises the
yield stress but reduces ductility, making
welding more difficult.

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HIGH STRENGTH LOW-
ALLOY STEELS (HSLA)
• Contain “ultra-low” of carbon
ranging between 0.04& up to 0.2%
• With a yield strength from 480
MPa to 840 MPa.
• In addition to carbon and
manganese, these steels contain
one or more alloying elements
such as columbium, vanadium,
chromium, silicon, copper and
nickel.

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QUENCHED & TEMPERED
ALLOY STEELS
• This steel includes unalloyed or alloyed
structural steels, which are suitable for
quenching and tempering due to their
chemical composition.
• Carbon content is mostly ranges into 0.20%
and 0.60%
• Have a yield stresses of 480 MPa to 690
MPa. These steels of higher strength are
obtained by heat-treating low-alloy steels.
• The heat treating consist of quenching
( rapid cooling) and tempering(reheating).

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 PROPERTIES OF STEEL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Yield Tensile Modulus Toughness Weldability Shear
Ductility
Stress, Fy Strength, of Modulus
Fu Elasticity,
E

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Yield Stress, Fy, Toughness is the ability ofWeldability is the ability
is that unit tensile the material to absorb of steel to be welded
stress at which energy and is without changing its basic
the stress-strain characterized by the area mechanical properties
curve exhibits a under stress-strain curve. Poisson’s Ratio, µ, is the
well defined Modulus of ratio of transverse strain
increase in strain Elasticity, E, is to longitudinal strain
(deformation) the slope of initial
without an straight-line
increase in stress. portion of the
Tensile Strength, stress-strain
Fu, is the largest diagram.
unit stress that the Ductility is the ability of the Shear Modulus, is the ratio of
material achieves material to undergo large inelastic shearing stress to shearing strain
in a tension test. deformation without fracture during the initial elastic behavior.

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ALPINE SKI HOUSE 9
 STRUCTURAL SHAPE OF STEEL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Wide American Bearing Channel Angles Structural Structural Pipe
Flange standard Piles (HP) (C) (L) tee Tubing
Beam(W) beam (s) (WT/ST) (TS)

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TYPE 1
commonly designated as
rigid-frame (continuous
frame), assumes that beam-
column connections have
sufficient rigidity to hold
virtually unchanged the
original angles between
intersecting members.
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
TYPE
commonly designated as
2
simple-framing
(unrestrained, free-
ended), assumes that
insofar as gravity loading is
concerned, ends of beams
and girders are connected
for shear only and free to
rotate under gravity load.
TYPE 3
commonly designated from
semi-rigid framing ( partially
restrained), assumes that
the connections of beams
and girders posses a
dependable and known
moment capacity
intermediate in degree
between the rigidity of Type
1 and the flexibility of Type
2.
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 LOAD AND STRESSES

Dead Load (DL) LIVELOA SEISMIC

D (LL) LOAD
The dead load to be assumed
in design consist of the weight The live load must be that
stipulated by applicable
STRESSES
of steelwork and all material
permanently fastened or code under which the is
supported by it. being designed or that IMPACT
dictated by the conditions
DL = volume of member x involved. LOAD
unit weight of materials

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PROPERTIES OF AREAS

CENTROID OF AN AREA CENTROID OF FLAT PLATES

is analogous to the center of gravity of a homogenous
The CGFP consisting of sub plates having weights of w1.
body. The centroid is often described as the point at which
w2, and so on is:
a thin homogeneous plate would balance.

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 PROPERTIES OF AREAS
Moment of Inertia (Second Moment
of Inertia), I :
The Moment of Inertia of a beam’s cross-section measures
the ability of the beam to resist bending..
Parallel Axis Theorem
If the moment of inertia with respect to one axis is known, the
moment of inertia with respect to another axis parallel to the
first, can be calculated from the parallel axis theorem also known
as transfer axis theorem..

Da = f(x) dx = g(y) dy

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 EXAMPLE PROBLEM.

Problem 1-1
Locate the centroid of the shaded area shown.

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 EXAMPLE PROBLEM.

Problem 1-1 AT = A1 + A2 + A3 AT = 32 – 4 – 0.5π

SOLUTION: AT = 26.429 m²
AT YG = ∑ AY 26.429 YG = 32(2) – 4(3) – 0.5π(3.57
A1 = 8(4) = 32 m² YG = 1.755 m
A2 = 2(2) = -4 m² AT XG = ∑ AX 26.429 XG = 32(0) – 4(-2) – 0.5π(2)
A3 =1/2 π (1)² = - 0.5π m² XG = 0.18 m
x1 = 0 y1 = 2
x2 = -2 y2 = 3
x3 = 2 y3 = 4 – 4(1)/3π = 3.576

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THE MEASURE
OF
INTELLIGENCE THANK
IS THE ABILITY YOU
TO CHANGE. – SEE YOU NEXT MEETING
ALBERT
EINSTEIN

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