What is

Reading?
 Reading is…
“an interactive process in which the
reader's prior knowledge of the world
interacts with the message conveyed
directly or indirectly by the text.”
—Smith, 1995, p. 23
Other definitions…
Reading is a process.
As such, it has various stages (before-, during-,
and after-reading) at which different tasks need
to be performed.

Reading is interactive.

The mind of the reader interacts, conducts

a dialogue, actively engages with the text
to decode, assign meaning, and interpret.
What is READING?
● The reader applies prior knowledge of the world to this act.

● There is a message to be conveyed or constructed.

● “Skilled readers understand the process and employ different strategies automatically
at each stage. Content area teachers can enhance a student's ability to understand the
process and employ effective reading skills through classroom activities referred to as
"instructional scaffolding.” —Vacca & Vacca (1996)

● Tarigan (2008) states that reading is a process carried out and used by a reader to
acquire message which is conveyed by a writer through words could be seen and
known by reader. In short, reading is an activity used to organize, understand, and
interpret in words.
What is Reading?

More so, comprehension is the ability of our brain to understand the text. It is a
meaningful way of breaking ideas into pieces and relating these pieces into one.

In similar way, comprehension is a by-product of good literature, background knowledge

(prior knowledge), and real-life experiences. Reading is a complex process, one of the
four (4) macro-language skills, categorized as input. In a communication process, it can
be said that the writer/author encodes while the reader decodes the message.

In order for the message to be decoded clearly, a reader should have a profound
background of what he is reading, otherwise misconception arises.
Instructional Scaffolding
Before Reading Strategies
Teachers must quickly assess where her students
stand, knowledge-wise, and what background or
pertinent information they are missing or have
misconceptions about.
K-W-L Chart
Instructional Scaffolding
During Reading Strategies

Teachers help students meet expectations by aiding

students in comprehension.
Venn Diagram
Instructional Scaffolding
After Reading Strategies

"After" reading strategies are just as important as the

strategies that should take place before and during
reading. "After" reading strategies also demonstrate
to the student what they are capable of doing and
learning if they are sincere about their efforts to do
so.
Story Board