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Mathematics in The Modern Word LESSON2pptx
Mathematics in The Modern Word LESSON2pptx
Mathematics in
the
Modern World
Mathematical Language and Symbols
Systematic ways of
communicating by the
use of symbols
Mathematical
Language It has its own brand of
technical terminology
(factor, exponent,
polynomial, etc.)
Mathematics is as much a language as it is a science. It deals
with written symbols that hold meaning and need to be
interpreted.
Examples:
• functional sentence;
For example, it hassentence
the English a subject, an object,
“ Five added and a thought.
to two totals to Itseven
also ” is a
follows
correct agreement of its terms.
General Rules
The second rule is that
of mathematics needs to be
Mathematics concise.
as a
The last rule is that it has to be
Language powerful, meaning that it has to
be able to convey complex
thoughts with relative ease.
In the English language,a sentence can be a
statement,a question, a command, or an
exclamation, such as the following examples.
d) Yeah, I won!
In logic, a statement is a declarative
sentence that expresses thought and can
either be true or false, but not both true
and false. Statement is also called a
proposition.
Simple Examples:
2. Fallin line.
5. x < 7
6. 10y + 3
1. statement
2. not a statement
3. not a statement
Answers 4. statement
5. statement
6. not a statement
Compound
Statement
The following are the connectives used with
their symbols and the type of statement.
Example: Given the following
simple statements.
p: Joselito Marquez is an
Engineer.
q: Joselito Marquez is a
teacher.
1. p q
2. p^r
3. ~r → s
4. s ~r
5. ~q ^ ~s
Example: Given the following simple
statements.
a: Today is Sunday.
b: I will attend a holy mass.
c: I will goto work.
d: Tomorrow is Monday.
Write the following symbolic statements in
words.
1. b c
2. a ^ b
3. a → d
4. ~c b
Answers:
1. If you don’t study your lessons and you don’t pass the
exam, then you will not graduate.
2. You will graduate, if and only if you study your lessons and
pass the
exam.
Answers:
1. ( ~p ^ ~q ) →
~r
2. r (p^q)
Write the
following p: Edmund plays football.
symbolic form q: Edmund is a football player.
of statements r: Edmund plays basketball.
in words. s: Edmund does not play
volleyball.
Use
the following
1. q ^ ( ~r s)
simple
2. q → ( p ^ s )
statements.
1. Edmund is a footballplayer, and he
does not play basketball or he does
Answers: not play volleyball.
p q p→q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T
Truth Table for Biconditional
statement p q
More examples:
1) a
d
- The number with 5 or the number is
ends
2) c ^ d odd.
- The number is divisible by 5 and the number is odd.
3) b ^ ~d
- The number ends with zero and the number is not odd.
4) c → ( d ^ a )
- If the number is divisible by 5, then the number is odd and
ends with 5.
B. Write the following compound
statements in symbolic form.
1. p ~p
2. q ( r ^ ~q )
3. (p q)^(~p
q)
The truth table of p
~p
p ~p p ~p
T F T
F T T
The truth table of q ( r ^ ~q
)
q r ~q ( r ^ ~q ) q ( r ^ ~q )
T T F F T
T F F F T
F T T T T
F F T F F
The truth table of ( p q)^(~p q
)
p q ~p (p q) (~p q) (p q)^(~p q)
T T F T T T
T F F T F F
F T T T T T
F F T F T F
Reference: Mathematics in the
Modern World by Engr. Rosalena
and Engr. Siangco