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Session No.29
Session No.29
Session No.29
25.1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Figure 25.1 Example of using the DNS service
server
Typo in textbook
25.2
25-1 NAME SPACE
25.3
25-2 DOMAIN NAME SPACE
25.4
Figure 25.2 Domain name space
root
25.5
Figure 25.3 Domain names and labels
25.6
Figure 25.5 Domains: subtree of the domain name space
25.7
25-3 DISTRIBUTION OF NAME SPACE
25.8
Figure 25.6 Hierarchy of name servers
25.9
DNS: Root name servers
a Verisign, Dulles, VA
c Cogent, Herndon, VA (also Los Angeles)
d U Maryland College Park, MD
g US DoD Vienna, VA
h ARL Aberdeen, MD k RIPE London (also Amsterdam, Frankfurt)
j Verisign, ( 11 locations)
i Autonomica, Stockholm (plus 3 other
locations)
m WIDE Tokyo
e NASA Mt View, CA
f Internet Software C. Palo Alto, CA
(and 17 other locations)
13 root name
servers
worldwide
TLD and Authoritative Servers
Top-level domain (TLD) servers: responsible for
com, org, net, edu, etc, and all top-level country
domains uk, fr, ca, jp.
Network solutions maintains servers for com TLD
Educause for edu TLD
Authoritative DNS servers: organization’s DNS
servers, providing authoritative hostname to IP
mappings for organization’s servers (e.g., Web
and mail).
Can be maintained by organization or service
provider (paid by the organization)
Figure 25.7 Zones and domains
25.12
Note
Two types of DNS server: A primary server
loads all information from the disk file; the
secondary server loads all information from
the primary server. Reason: redundancy
25.13
25-4 DNS IN THE INTERNET
25.14
DNS Query Commands
25.15
Figure 25.8 DNS IN THE INTERNET
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Figure 25.9 Generic domains
25.17
Table 25.1 Generic domain labels
25.18
Figure 25.10 Country domains
25.19
25-5 RESOLUTION
25.20
Figure 25.12 Recursive resolution
25.21
Figure 25.13 Iterative resolution
25.22
Caching: Main Reason for the Efficiency of DNS
25.23
25-6 DNS MESSAGES
25.24
Figure 25.14 Query and response messages
25.25
Figure 25.15 Header format
25.26
25-7 TYPES OF RECORDS
25.27
DNS records
Type=A Type=CNAME
name is hostname name is alias name for some
value is IP address “canonical” (the real) name
www.ibm.com is really
Type=NS servereast.backup2.ibm.com
name is domain (e.g. value is canonical name
foo.com)
value is name of
25.28
DNS protocol, messages
DNS protocol : query and reply messages, both with same message format
msg header
identification: 16 bit # for
query, reply to query
uses same #
flags:
query or reply
recursion desired
recursion available
reply is authoritative
25.29
DNS protocol, messages (UDP 53)
RRs in
response
to query
records for
authoritative servers
additional “helpful”
info that may be used
25.30
Inserting records into DNS
Example: just created startup “netwar”
Register name netwar.com at a registrar (e.g., Network
Solutions)
Need to provide registrar with names and IP addresses of your
authoritative name server (primary and secondary)
Registrar inserts two RRs into the com TLD server:
25.32
25-9 DYNAMIC DOMAIN NAME
SYSTEM (DDNS)
25.33
25-10 ENCAPSULATION
25.34
Note
25.35