EFFECTIVE SOIL EROSION CONTROL MEASURES FOR

SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT IN ETHIOPIA

1.

2. Prepared by : Feyisa Yonas D

Main points:
Introduction
causes of soil erosion
types of soil erosion
factors affecting soil erosion in Ethiopia
Effects of Soil Erosion
Comparison of Soil Erosion Control
Measures in Ethiopia
recommendations for sustainable soil
management
 introduction
• Soil erosion is the process by which soil is displaced or moved from one place to
another, often by natural forces like water or wind
• Soil erosion is a major environmental challenge in Ethiopia, where it affects
millions of hectares of land. The country's diverse landscape ranging from
highlands to low lands, and its variable climate, with alternating periods of
drought and heavy rainfall make it vulnerable to soil erosion
Causes of soil
erosion

• The main causes of soil erosion in

Ethiopia are:
• 1. Deforestation and land
degradation
• 2. Overgrazing
• 3. Climate change
• 4. Inappropriate land use practices
• 5. Lack of soil conservation measures
 Types of soil
erosion
• Soil erosion is the process where the top layer of soil is displaced or washed away by natural forces like wind or water. There are several types of soil erosion:

• 1. Water Erosion:

• -Sheet Erosion

• - Rill Erosion

• 2. Wind Erosion:

• - Saltation

• - Suspension

• 3. Erosion by Ice:

• -Glacial Erosion

• 4. Erosion by Gravity:

• -Mass Movement

• 5. Biological Erosion:

• -Root Erosion
 • 1. Deforestation and land
degradation
Factors • 2. Overgrazing

Affecting •
•
3. Agricultural practices
4. Climate change

Soil • 5. Population pressure

Erosion in •
•
6. Land use policies
7. Lack of soil conservation practices

Ethiopia • 8. Topography
• 9. Soil type
Effects of Soil Erosion on the
Environment and Human
Health Environmental Effects:

• (1) Environment effects

• 1. Loss of Topsoil
• 2. Sol Sedimentation
• 3. Increased Erosion
• 4. Decreased Carbon Sequestration
• 5. Altered Ecosystems
• (i) Human Health Effects:
• 1. Respiratory Problems
• 2. Water Contamination
• 3. Decreased Crop Yields
• 4. Increased Risk of Natural Disasters
• 5. Mental Health Impacts
The Traditional Soil
Conservation Practices in
Ethiopia

include:
1. Terracing
2. Mulching
3. Cover cropping
4. Trenches
5. Fanya juu
6. Kiremt
Modern soil conservation
techniques

Agroforestry
No-till farming
Precision agriculture
Conservation tillage method
Drip irrigation

a combination of different techniques may be the most effective way to combat

soil erosion and promote sustainable agriculture in Ethiopia. By using a combination of
techniques, farmers can take advantage of the strengths of each approach while minimizing
their weaknesses.
 •1.Conservation Agriculture
•2. Agroforestry
• 3. Cover Cropping
•4. Crop Rotation
Recommendations •5. Organic Amendments
for sustainable soil •6. Minimum Tillage:
•7. Sal-testing
management •8. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
practices in Ethiopia •9.Water harvesting techniques
•10. Capacity Building
•These recommendations for sustainable soil management practices in
Ethiopia are designed to promote soil health, reduce soil erosion, and
improve soil fertility.